We review the literature on the reaction of cells to their surrounding topography. The topography may be that of surrounding cells, intercellular materials or biomaterials. The reactions include cell orientation, rates of movement, and activations of the cells. We concentrate on those papers where quantitative measurements of the reactions have been made and largely ignore those on subjective i...

topography and climate are two important soil forming factors affecting genesis and clay mineralogy of soils. calcareous and gypsiferous soils are widely spread in arid and semiarid parts of iran and palygorskite is a dominant clay mineral in these soils. the objectives of the study were to: (1) determine soil genesis and classification along the climotoposequence and (2) investigate clay miner...

Seepage meters, like most benthic flux chamber techniques, come with inherent concerns about how their presence may alter the environment and flow regimen of the benthic boundary layer and underlying sediments. Flow due to wave and current movement across topographic features induces a downward and upward flow field within the sediments surrounding the feature. We found this Bernoulli-induced f...

A particular challenge for undertaking urbanization mapping of Beirut is the absence of a unified understanding of the city. Migration, informal settlements, a lack of urban planning, political corruption, as well as internal conflict have made this task even harder. The population in Lebanon is unevenly distributed among regions, where one third of the population resides in the Greater Beirut ...

Amyloid-beta plaques are a hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD) that can be assessed by amyloid imaging (e.g., Pittsburgh B compound [PiB]) and summarized as a scalar value. Summary values may have clinical utility but are an average over many regions of interest, potentially obscuring important topography. This study investigates the longitudinal evolution of amyloid topographies in cognitivel...

Abstract Improving the tactile aesthetics of products that can be described as touch intensive is an increasing priority within many sectors, including furniture industry. Understanding which physical characteristics contribute to haptic experience a surface, and how, therefore highly topical. It has earlier been shown both friction topography affect perception. Thus, two series stimuli have pr...

Rivers have eroded the topography of Mars, Titan, and Earth, creating diverse landscapes. However, the dominant processes that generated topography on Titan (and to some extent on early Mars) are not well known. We analyzed drainage patterns on all three bodies and found that large drainages, which record interactions between deformation and erosional modification, conform much better to long-w...

Abstract. Prediction of mean annual runoff is great interest but still poses a challenge in ungauged basins. The present work diagnoses the prediction affected by uncertainty estimated distribution soil water storage capacity. Based on function, balance model for estimating developed, which effects climate variability and capacity are explicitly represented. As such, two parameters have explici...

To examine relationships between narratological and ludological elements in computer games, we undertook an empirical study of 80 contemporary titles. We drew inspiration from Jenkins’ 2004 paper on dimensions of narrative architecture and Aarseth, Smedstad and Sunnanå’s (2003) paper on a typology of ludological factors in games. Although these two groups of concepts have not been fully explica...