Topographic variation underpins a myriad of patterns and processes in hydrology, climatology, geography and ecology and is key to understanding the variation of life on the planet. A fully standardized and global multivariate product of different terrain features has the potential to support many large-scale research applications, however to date, such datasets are unavailable. Here we used the...

gully erosion constitutes a major problem in natural resources management and soil conservation, which causes severe land degradation in arid and semi-arid areas. therefore, determination of gully prone area and identification of gully conditioning factors can help to managers and decision makers to reduce the hazard of gully erosion. the aim of this study is to predictthe gully erosion suscept...

nowadays, water supply for sustainable development is one of the most important concerns and challenges in most countries of the world. due to determination of groundwater potential zones are one of the important tools in the conservation, management and utilization of water resources. thus, the present study aimed to prioritize the effective factors on groundwater potential and its susceptibil...

Skeleton lines of terrain, i.e. ridge and valley lines are essential features on topographic maps. A skeleton line is the one with minimum slope among the slope lines. Slope lines are the lines of the steepest slope. Skeleton lines are used for a wide range of aims, e.g. emphasizing land forms, generation of high fidelity digital terrain models, terrain generalization, determining characteristi...

Topographic correction is an important data preprocessing step when land cover classification and quantitative analysis of multispectral data are carried out in mountainous regions. Solar illumination effects may cause variations in reflectance of similar ground features, leading to a possible misclassification due to different topographic positions. Since nearly all surfaces exhibit a varying ...

Abstract Information about catchment-scale groundwater dynamics is necessary to understand how catchments store and release water and why water quantity and quality varies in streams. However, groundwater level monitoring is often restricted to a limited number of sites. Knowledge of the factors that determine similarity between monitoring sites can be used to predict catchment-scale groundwate...

Taxus chinensis var. mairei is an endemic, endangered and first-class protected tree species with great medicinal values in China. Its forest distributes in very limited region and its area is reducing during the last 30 years. Conservation of this species and its communities is urgent. This study aimed to reveal relationships of T. chinensis var. mairei forests with soil variables and topograp...

When performing forward modelling and inversion of Magnetic Resonance Sounding (MRS) data, the water-content distribution is typically assumed to be horizontal (1D case). This assumption is fully justified because MRS is often used for characterizing continuous aquifers in a nearly flat environment. However, MRS can also be used in areas with sharp topographical variations. Following a review o...

Direct and large eddy simulations are performed to study the internal waves generated by the oscillation of a barotropic tide over a model ridge of triangular shape. The objective is to go beyond linear theory and assess the role of nonlinear interactions including turbulence in situations with low tidal excursion number. The criticality parameter, defined as the ratio of the topographic slope ...

[1] An idealized, two‐dimensional numerical modeling study is presented to investigate the effects of variable shelf slope and stratification on surface mixed layer (SML) nutrient supply during upwelling. As reported previously, the physical flow regime is governed by a topographic Burger number. Gradual shelf slope and weak stratification concentrate onshore transport in the bottom boundary la...