Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is now routinely used to map the topographic organization of human visual cortex. Mapping the detailed topography of somatosensory cortex, however, has proven to be more difficult. Here we used the increased blood-oxygen-level-dependent contrast-to-noise ratio at ultra-high field (7 Tesla) to measure the topographic representation of the digits in hu...

Rainfall-induced landslides are a major threat in the hilly and gully regions of the Loess Plateau. Landslide mapping via field investigations is challenging and impractical in this complex region because of its numerous gullies. In this paper, an algorithm based on an object-oriented method (OOA) has been developed to recognize loess landslides by combining spectral, textural, and morphometric...

Topographic mapping offers a very flexible tool to inspect large quantities of high-dimensional data in an intuitive way. Often, electronic data are inherently non Euclidean and modern data formats are connected to dedicated non-Euclidean dissimilarity measures for which classical topographic mapping cannot be used. We give an overview about extensions of topographic mapping to general dissimil...

Separation of topographic features from magnetic images has been an issue for the past two decades in magnetic force microscopy (MFM). The frequent pickups of the topographic features are interpreted as transitions of the tip between bistable states of the tip-sample assembly in the noncontact and tapping regions. MFM using electrostatic force modulation demonstrates the separation of the topog...

Water-level fluctuations are critical in maintaining diversity of plant communities Great Lakes wetlands. Sedge-grass meadows especially sensitive to such fluctuations. We conducted vegetation sampling a sedge-grass dominated Lake Michigan drowned river mouth wetland 1995, 2002, and 2010 following high lake levels 1986 1997. also photointerpretation studies 16 years dating back 1965 include res...

Fractional tree cover (Fcover) is an important biophysical variable for measuring forest degradation and characterizing land cover. Recently, atmospherically corrected Landsat data have become available, providing opportunities for high-resolution mapping of forest attributes at global-scale. However, topographic correction is a pre-processing step that remains to be addressed. While several me...

Mapping of vegetation in mountain areas based on remote sensing is obstructed by atmospheric and topographic distortions. A variety of atmospheric and topographic correction methods has been proposed to minimize atmospheric and topographic effects and should in principle lead to a better land cover classification. Only a limited number of atmospheric and topographic combinations has been tested...