A hypsometric map is a type of map used to represent topographic characteristics by filling different map areas with diverging colors. The setting of appropriate diverging colors is essential for the map to reveal topographic details. When lunar real environmental exploration programs are performed, large-scale hypsometric maps with a high resolution and greater topographic detail are helpful. ...

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Abstract The icing of conductors may seriously affect the safe operation power grid, and it is imminent to research early warning grid. This paper innovatively cites a mesoscale digital-intelligent weather forecast technology considering influence micro-topography combining grid meteorological monitoring data realize on transmission line provincial accuracy can be improved through interpolation...

Rockfall simulations constitute the first step toward hazard assessments and can guide future rockfall prevention efforts. In this work, we assess impact of digital elevation model (DEM) resolution on accuracy numerical simulation outputs. For purpose, compared output obtained using 1 m, 2 m 3 UAV-derived DEMs, to two other models based coarser topographic data (a 5 DEM through interpolating co...

Forest canopy height is an important biophysical variable for quantifying carbon storage in terrestrial ecosystems. Active light detection and ranging (lidar) sensors with discrete-return or waveform lidar have produced reliable measures of forest canopy height. However, rigorous procedures are required for an accurate estimation, especially when using waveform lidar, since backscattered signal...

To the Editor: In their recent article, Durrie and colleagues1 reported results of lift-flap retreatment after LASIK. The authors concluded that this procedure appears to be effective and is associated with minimal complications. They reported that before reoperation, mean spherical equivalent refraction was -2.34 D (range, -0.67 to -5.75 D). The Summit Apex excimer laser (Summit Technology, Wa...

the hyrcanian forests have been highly exploited in recent decades by human impacts. easy access, abundance and variety of valuable forest yields have led to population growth density, creation of new residential areas and deforestation activities. change detection is one of the main methods of management and evaluation of natural resources. we investigated forest changes in southern surroundin...

The use of biodiversity surrogates has been discussed in the context of designing habitat linkages to support the migration of species affected by climate change. Topography has been proposed as a useful surrogate in the coarse-filter approach, as the hydrological process caused by topography such as erosion and accumulation is the basis of ecological processes. However, some studies that have ...