OBJECTIVES: The penetration of hydrocortisone (HC) from six topical over-the-counter products along with one prescription cream through cultured normal human-derived epidermal keratinocytes (Epiderm™), mouse skin and synthetic nylon membrane was performed as well as the effect hydrating the skin by pre-washing was explored using the Upright Franz Cell. METHOD AND RESULTS: Permeation of HC throu...

BACKGROUND Alopecia areata is a recurrent, nonscarring type of hair loss. Different modalities of treatment have been used to induce hair re-growth. AIMS To determine the efficacy of topical garlic gel in the treatment of alopecia areata. METHODS Patients were randomly divided into two groups of garlic gel and placebo. The two groups were advised to follow the treatment twice daily, for thr...

BACKGROUND Rosacea is a common, chronic dermatosis that requires long-term therapy. Oral isotretinoin and topical and/or oral antibiotics are effective, but their usage may be limited due to side-effects. OBJECTIVE The goal of the study was to compare the efficacy of topical adapalene gel (0.1%) and topical metronidazole gel (0.75%) in the treatment of patients with papulopustular rosacea. ...

The aim of the present investigation was to develop and study topical gel delivery of curcumin for its anti-inflammatory effects. Carbopol 934P (CRB) and hydroxypropylcellulose (HPC) were used for the preparation of gels. The penetration enhancing effect of menthol (0-12.5% w/w) on the percutaneous flux of curcumin through the excised rat epidermis from 2% w/w CRB and HPC gel system was investi...

Topical drug delivery is defined as the application of pharmaceutical dosage form to the skin for direct treatment of cutaneous disorder or the cutaneous manifestation of the general disease, with the intent of confining the pharmacological or other effect of the drug to the surface of the skin. Topical drug delivery systems include a large variety of pharmaceutical dosage form like semisolids,...

A length-dependent neuropathy with pain in the feet is a common complication of diabetes (painful diabetic neuropathy). It was hypothesized that pain may arise from sensitized-hyperactive cutaneous nociceptors, and that this abnormal signaling may be reduced by topical administration of the α(2)-adrenergic agonist, clonidine, to the painful area. This was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-con...

For the treatment of chronic ocular diseases such as glaucoma, continuous instillations of eye drops are needed. However, frequent administrations of hypotensive topical formulations can produce adverse ocular surface effects due to the active substance or other components of the formulation, such as preservatives or other excipients. Thus the development of unpreserved formulations that are we...

In recent years, signiÞ cant interest has been shown in the development of novel bioadhesive dosage forms for mucosal delivery of drugs that attempt to overcome these limitations1. A bioadhesive dosage form necessitates the use of mucoadhesive polymers to adhere to mucosa and withstand salivation, tongue movement and swallowing for signiÞ cant period of time2. High molecular weight polymers are...

PURPOSE/BACKGROUND Pain can adversely affect muscle functioning by inhibiting muscle contractions. Delayed onset muscle soreness was used as a tool to ascertain whether a topical menthol-based analgesic or ice was more effective at reducing pain and permitting greater muscular voluntary and evoked force. METHODS Sixteen subjects were randomized to receive either a topical gel containing 3.5% ...

Stimuli-sensitive biomaterials that are activated by light in need of formulations stable under indoor lighting yet can be direct sunlight. Carbene-based bioadhesives a new generation film-forming polymers rapidly with low-energy UVA light, but have never been evaluated sunlight exposure. Previous investigations evolved two flexible carbene-based platforms, where aryl-diazirine is grafted on to...