OBJECTIVE To assess the magnitude and causes of over-diagnosis of prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN), as large differences are reported in the incidence of high-grade PIN, probably because of the variance in diagnosis and interpretation. PATIENTS AND METHODS Two urological pathologists prospectively reviewed 251 consecutive patients, received in consultation and who were diagnosed and ...

Plant development displays an exceptional plasticity and adaptability that involves the dynamic, asymmetric distribution of the phytohormone auxin. Polar auxin flow, which requires polarly localized transport facilitators of the PIN family, largely contributes to the establishment and maintenance of the auxin gradients. Functionally overlapping action of PIN proteins mediates multiple developme...

Among possible emergency situations, those that very likely will mostly affect human behavior are the ones related to fire, due to the many reasons associated with its initiation. The prediction of the human behavior in the reply to a fire situation requires an integrated system that involves the people, the building and the fire. It is expectable that people will answer differently to distinct...

Pin structures on vector bundles are the natural generalization of Spin structures to the case of nonoriented bundles. Spin(n) is the central Z/2Z extension (or double cover) of SO(n) and Pin−(n) and Pin(n) are two different central extensions of O(n), although they are topologically the same. The obstruction to putting a Spin structure on a bundle ξ (= R → E → B) is w2(ξ) H(B;Z/2Z); for Pin it...

40 is a near branch, an analogous argument again shows that Pin(b) is q's lower-right quadrant. Thus, q is the closest connection between p, Pin(a) and Pin(b). Except for redundancies and pruning of sub-optimal trees, BB-SORT-C searches over all possible ways to construct a Steiner tree sequentially, such that each sink is added by a closest connection to some edge in the current tree. Thus, we...

It is known that the Zn doping profile in strained multi-quantumwell (MQW) InGaAsP lasers strongly affects the electro-optical characteristics of these devices and their temperature sensitivity. A systematic investigation of the excitation dependence of the active layer photoluminescence (PL) intensity from compressively strained InGaAsP MQW pin laser material with different Zn doping profiles ...

PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of a 3.5-mm-diameter anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tibial retrograde socket drilling pin versus a standard, 2.4-mm drill-tipped guide pin. A secondary purpose was to evaluate surgeon precision in identifying the true (anatomic) center of the ACL tibial footprint using arthroscopic visualization. METHODS Six matched pairs of cad...