Prompted by the recent shift of attention from just focusing on the top-down processing in L2 reading towards considering the basic component, bottom-up processing, the role of phonological component has also enjoyed popularity among a selected circle of SLA investigators (Koda, 2005). This study investigated the effect of the automatization of the phonological component on the reading comprehe...

Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) is the method of choice in patients requiring long-term enteral tube feeding. In patients with intrathecal baclofen infusion therapy (IBT) pump implantation, infection via the skin and soft tissue may be an issue of concern. The introducer technique for gastrostomy tube insertion may be useful in reducing the risk of peristomal infection. Although the p...

Background Ralstonia eutropha is bacterium known to naturally produce polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) as carbon storage during nutrient starvation. Previously studies [1] showed that it is possible through the incorporation of an engineered biosynthetic pathway, to redirect carbon flux from PHB to the production of Isobutanol (IBT), a biofuel largely studied to replace the current fossil fuels in exi...

the present study seeks to investigate the potentiality of the translation task as a testing method for measuring reading comprehension. to achieve this objective, two types of translation tests, open-ended and multiple-choice tests, and two types of reading comprehension tests, multiple-choice reading comprehension and open-ended cloze tests were developed in this study. the reliability of the...

This present study aims to identify, describe, and analyze the students’ gender scores in answering inference-type questions of TOEFL-like listening comprehension tests. It sought find answers two research questions: (1) What is ability tests based on gender; (2) are percentages four types inference i.e. functions, idiomatic language, contrary meaning, almost negative short dialogues part test....

Foreign Language Reading Anxiety (FLRA) becomes increasingly crucial for EFL students since it prevents the learners' reading grasp. This study reports on college students’ reflections reading. The study's main objective was to determine students' anxiety levels and discover most potential factors contributing in TOEFL Test. It administered 22 of English Department Universitas Pembinaan Masyara...