The Working Group that evaluated smokeless tobacco previously noted that the majority of the early studies evaluated at that time (IARC, 1985) had various deficiencies, such as lack of quantitative and qualitative information on the nature of tobacco extracts and the degree of extraction, insufficient length of treatment, small group sizes and, in some cases, lack of appropriate controls. Since...

BACKGROUND Tobacco use and quit attempts are two key indicators of the Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS) that assess quit attempts among current as well as former tobacco users. The relevant data have inherent policy implications for tobacco cessation programme evaluation. This study aimed to review the concepts of quit attempt assessment and quantifying invalid responses considering GATS-Indi...

Abstract Background Tobacco products are considered significant, but preventable factors related to initiation and progression of periodontal diseases. We assessed the prevalence periodontitis evaluated its association with tobacco use other amongst adult population Sunsari district in eastern Nepal. Methods A community-based, cross-sectional study was conducted rural municipalities province on...

Background: One known risk factor for oral cancer is chewing smokeless tobacco, which common in southeastern Iran. Smokeless tobacco-related complications can be evaluated by assessing parameters of oxidative stress. Objectives: This study salivary malondialdehyde (MDA) levels paan users and compared them with nonusers. Patients Methods: In this study, saliva was collected from 50 nonusers refe...

BACKGROUND This study provides a comprehensive, population-based examination of tobacco use among both career and volunteer firefighters. METHODS Data are from a population-based cohort study of randomly selected career (N = 11) and volunteer (N = 13) departments comprised of 677 male firefighters. RESULTS Unadjusted rates of smoking were 13.6% and 17.4% for career and volunteer firefighter...

BACKGROUND Smoking and passive smoking are collectively the biggest preventable cause of death in Bangladesh, with major public health burden of morbidity, disability, mortality and community costs. The available studies of tobacco use in Bangladesh, however, do not necessarily employ nationally representative samples needed to monitor the problem at a national scale. This paper examines the pr...

OBJECTIVE To analyse the influences of parental use of cigarettes and snus (the Swedish variety of smokeless tobacco) on offspring's behaviour. DESIGN Prospective cohort study. SETTING The Stockholm County of Sweden. SUBJECTS 2232 adolescents recruited in the fifth grade (mean age 11.6 years) with follow up in the eighth grade. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Self reported tobacco use (ever and c...

The characterization and classification of smokeless tobacco products has been a continuously evolving process. This is based on a number of different parameters like nicotine content, moisture content, amount of heavy metals, pH, and in vitro cytotoxicity assays. Their contexts often vary between countries, research institutions, and legal requirements. The categorisation of these products is ...

Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), a widespread plant pathogen, is found in tobacco (including cigarettes and smokeless tobacco) as well as in many other plants. Plant viruses do not replicate or cause infection in humans or other mammals. This study was done to determine whether exposure to tobacco products induces an immune response to TMV in humans. Using a sandwich ELISA assay, we detected serum a...