1 Abstract In this paper a novel code tracking algorithm is proposed which can be used in GNSS receivers. Classical code tracking approaches consider AWGN channels as an hypothesis for designing theoretically optional trackers. However, this hypothesis does not hold in multipath channels. The method proposed , based on neural networks, provides results that outperform classical DLL trackers. On...

Objectives Biofilm infections of intravascular catheters caused by Staphylococcus aureus may be treated with catheter lock solutions (CLSs). Here we investigated the antibacterial activity, cytotoxicity and CLS potential of 5-hydroxyethyl-3-tetradecanoyltetramic acid (5HE-C14-TMA) compared with the related compounds 3-tetradecanoyltetronic (C14-TOA) and 3-tetradecanoylthiotetronic (C14-TTA), wh...

Traditionally, the estimation of forest parameters using physically-based canopy radiative transfer models (RT) requires correcting the remote sensing data to top-of-canopy (TOC) level by inverting an atmosphere RT model. By coupling the same canopy and atmosphere models, it is possible to simulate the top-of-atmosphere (TOA) radiance and to work directly with the measured TOA radiance data, th...

In an effort to reduce uncertainties in the quantification of aerosol direct radiative forcing (ADRF) in the southeastern United States (US), a field column experiment was conducted to measure aerosol radiative properties and effects at Mt. Mitchell, North Carolina, and at an adjacent valley site. The experimental period was from June 1995 to mid-December 1995. The aerosol optical properties (s...

[1] A strategy for retrieving aerosol optical depth (AOD) under conditions of thin cirrus coverage from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) is presented. We adopt an empirical method that derives the cirrus contribution to measured reflectance in seven bands from the visible to shortwave infrared (0.47, 0.55, 0.65, 0.86, 1.24, 1.63, and 2.12 μm, commonly used for AOD retri...

[1] Using internally consistent albedo, aerosol, cloud, and surface data from the Multiangle Imaging Spectroradiometer (MISR) instrument onboard the Terra satellite, top-of-atmosphere (TOA) spectral albedo change (da) in the presence of aerosols over land is estimated and its dependence on aerosol and surface properties is analyzed. Linear regressions between spectral TOA albedo and aerosol opt...

This study used realistic representations of cloudy atmospheres to assess errors in solar flux estimates associated with 1D radiative transfer models. A scene construction algorithm, developed for the EarthCARE mission, was applied to CloudSat, CALIPSO and MODIS satellite data thus producing 3D cloudy atmospheres measuring 61 km wide by 14,000 km long at 1 km grid-spacing. Broadband solar fluxe...

This paper presents a method for estimating the time of arrival (ToA) long term evolution (LTE) signals received on multiple separate transmission bands by same base station (BS) mast. By exploiting overall bandwidth occupied different and correlation between corresponding channel impulse responses, higher precision is achieved with respect to usually adopted single-band approach whenever time-...

Recent advancement in wireless networks and systems has seen the rise of localization techniques as a worthwhile and cost-effective basis for novel services. These location based services (LBSs) have been more and more beneficial and money-making for telecommunications operators and companies. Various LBSs can be offered to the user such as tracking, advertisement, security, and management. Wir...

Dear Editor, This paper is concerned with the underwater localization based on acoustic signals. Specifically, we will focus search of an target that can constantly broadcast a beacon signal, such as black box. Common measurements for are Doppler shift [1], time arrival (ToA) [2]–[4], difference (TDoA) [5], [6], angle (AoA) [7], etc. In this investigate fundamental limits shift-Based, ToA-Based...