SARS-CoV-2 requires serine protease, transmembrane protease 2 (TMPRSS2), and cysteine proteases, cathepsins B, L (CTSB/L) for entry into host cells. These proteases activate the spike protein enable entry. We herein performed genomic-guided gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) to identify upstream regulatory elements altering expression of TMPRSS2 CTSB/L. Further, medicinal compounds were identi...

COVID-19 patients always develop multiple organ dysfunction syndromes other than lungs, suggesting the novel virus SARS-CoV-2 also invades organs. Therefore, studying viral susceptibility of organs is important for a deeper understanding pathogenesis. Angiotensin-converting enzyme II (ACE2) receptor protein SARS-CoV-2, and TMPRSS2 promotes proliferation transmission. We investigated ACE2 expres...

Background: A higher incidence of COVID-19 infection was demonstrated in cancer patients, including lung patients. This study conducted to get insights into the enhanced frequency cancer. Methods: Using different bioinformatics tools, expression and methylation patterns ACE2 TMPRSS2 were analyzed healthy malignant tissues, focusing on adenocarcinoma data correlated clinical parameters smoking h...

Prostate cancer (PCa) that becomes resistant to hormone castration and next-generation androgen receptor (AR)-targeted therapies, called castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), poses a significant clinical challenge. A better understanding of PCa progression and key molecular mechanisms could bring novel therapies to light. One potential therapeutic target is ERG, a transcription factor ab...

High Gleason score is currently the best prognostic indicator for poor prognosis in prostate cancer. However, a significant number of patients with low Gleason scores develop aggressive disease as well. In an effort to understand molecular signatures associated with poor outcome in prostate cancer, we analyzed a microarray dataset characterizing 281 prostate cancers from a Swedish watchful-wait...

Nucleosome positioning at transcription start sites is known to regulate gene expression by altering DNA accessibility to transcription factors; however, its role at enhancers is poorly understood. We investigated nucleosome positioning at the androgen receptor (AR) enhancers of TMPRSS2, KLK2, and KLK3/PSA in prostate cancer cells. Surprisingly, a population of enhancer modules in androgen-depr...

Chromosomal translocations that juxtapose the androgen-sensitive TMPRSS2 gene promoter to the oncogenic ETS-family transcription factor ERG result in excessive ERG overexpression in approximately 50% of prostate cancer (PCa) patients. Although numerous studies have investigated ERG-downstream genes, such studies have not attempted to examine miRNAs, which however are emerging to be important re...

OBJECTIVES Prostate cancer is a neoplasm with a variable natural history and clinical behavior. There is much debate on the use of inherited genetic information in clinical application including risk assessment and treatment decisions. This study was performed to evaluate the relationship between clinical parameters of prostate cancer (PSA, Gleason score, and metastasis) and expression of NKX3....

Purpose: Fusion of the TMPRSS2 gene with the ERG oncogene and aberrant DNAmethylation patterns are commonly found in prostate cancer. The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between ERG expression, DNA methylation of three biomarkers, and clinicopathologic features of prostate cancer. Experimental Design: Immunohistochemistry for ERG protein was conducted as a surrogate for TMPRSS...