During the development of woody twigs, the growth in leaf may or may not be proportional to the growth in stem. The presence or absence of a synchronicity between these two phenologies may reflect differences in life history adaptive strategies concerning carbon gain. We hypothesized that sun-adapted species are more likely to be less synchronous between growths in total leaf area (TLA) and ste...

BACKGROUND Neck pain is a frequent reason for seeking medical advice. Neuroanatomical findings suggest a close connection between the pharynx and the trapezius region. Irritation of the pharynx may induce tenderness of this area. Specific tender points, called neck reflex points (NRPs), can be identified here with high reproducibility. We hypothesized that therapeutic local anesthesia (TLA; or ...

This chapter deals with the use of two verification approaches: theorem proving and model checking. The authors focus on the Event-B method by using its associated theorem proving tool (Click_n_Prove), and on the language TLA+ by using its model checker TLC. By considering the limitation of the Event-B method to invariance properties, the authors propose to apply the language TLA+ to verify liv...

The LASER Trial is an RCT of the effectiveness of the use of a Temperature-controlled Laminar Airflow (TLA) device in adults with severe allergic asthma. The trial is funded by the NIHR-HTA. The trial aims to determine whether home-based nocturnal treatment with a TLA device can reduce the frequency of asthma exacerbations over a one year period. In order to inform decisions about implementatio...

This paper presents a series of TLA + speciication/implemen-tations that lead to an implementation of the retransmission policy of RLP1, the Radio Link Protocol proposed for TDMA-based digital cellular radio. Both safety and liveness properties are proved for SWPInitial, a very abstract, but formal, speciication of a sliding window protocol. The rest of the work consists of a series of reenemen...

Background: The first attempted hemicorporectomy, also known as translumbar amputation (TLA), was reported in 1960. The first TLA with survival was performed in 1961. It is a lifesaving procedure initially designed for carefully selected patients with otherwise terminal cancer. The most common indications now are benign conditions such as chronic osteomyelitis of the pelvis in paraplegic patien...

In the studies related to multiple description coding (MDC), applying zero padding not only improves the spatial correlation between descriptions but also increases their sizes. However, as we pad more zeros, the spatial correlation does not improve linearly. Therefore, the distortion is not reduced as the same amount when the size increases. In this paper, we focus on how to efficiently find a...

In order to support formally correctness preserving reenement steps of object-oriented system designs, we refer at one hand to the practically well-accepted Uniied Modelling Language (UML) and at the other hand to L. Lamport's Temporal Logic of Actions (TLA) which supports concise and precise notions of properties of dynamic behaviours and corresponding proof techniques. We apply cTLA which is ...

In a heterogeneousmulti-cluster (HMC) system, processor allocation is responsible for choosing available processors among clusters for job execution. Traditionally, processor allocation in HMC considers only resource fragmentation or processor heterogeneity, which leads to heuristics such as Best-Fit (BF) and Fastest-First (FF). However, those heuristics only favor certain types of workloads an...