Elucidation of natural product biosynthetic pathways provides important insights into the assembly of potent bioactive molecules, and expands access to unique enzymes able to selectively modify complex substrates. Here, we show full reconstitution, in vitro, of an unusual multi-step oxidative cascade for post-assembly-line tailoring of tirandamycin antibiotics. This pathway involves a remarkabl...

PM10-2.5 mass and trace element concentrations were measured in Winston-Salem, Chicago, and St. Paul at up to 60 sites per city during two different seasons in 2010. Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) was used to explore the underlying sources of variability. Information on previously reported PM10-2.5 tire and brake wear profiles was used to constrain these features in PMF by prior specificat...

Thc cliffcrcncc in chcmical shift bet$'cen the methl,lenc protons of a nuntber of compounds related structurally to l-phen1.lcth1.l bcnzy,l ether has been rneasured. correlations bct\veen structural features of these compounds .'rcl t5c mag.ituclc of the magnetic nrncquivalencc inclucecl b1'the center of molecuiarasvlllmetrl'provide ru. lxrsis f'r cl.alitlrti'c iclentihcation of the most import...

The purpose of this study is to understand the nonlinear dynamics of longitudinal ground vehicle traction. Specifically, single-wheel models of rubber-tired automobiles under straight-ahead braking and acceleration conditions are investigated in detail. Customarily, the forward vehicle speed and the rotational rate of the tire/wheel are taken as dynamic states. This paper motivates an alternati...

a new anti-lock braking system (abs) for motorcycles is proposed in this study. it functions by processing the speed of the motorcycle tire in contact with the ground relative to the speed of the motorcycle itself and by calculating the slip ratio (λ) of the tire slipping on the ground while braking, and reducing it to a minimum which leads to increased controllability of the motorcycle and red...

afinite element model of a bias truck tire under static vertical load using a global/local technique is designed in two parts. in the first part a previously created model for radial tires is developed to take the constructional variables of bias tires into account. it is shown that the technique can successfully be used for bias tires. the main challenge here is the selection of the initial la...

In this paper we derive a new dynamic friction force model for the longitudinal road/tire interaction for wheeled ground vehicles. The model is based on a dynamic friction model developed previously for contact-point friction problems, called the LuGre model [7]. By assuming a contact patch between the tire and the ground we develop a partial differential equation for the distribution of the fr...

Nonlinear vehicle control allocation is achieved through distributing the task of vehicle control among individual tire forces, which are constrained to nonlinear saturation conditions. A highlevel sliding mode control with adaptive upper bounds is considered to assess the body yaw moment and lateral force for the vehicle motion. The proposed controller only requires the online adaptation of co...

Dynamic behaviour of motorcycles front wheel are not different to similar wheel suspensionmotion of airplanes and road vehicles. In every case self excited oscillations caused bythe tire occur. Only the different design of wheel suspension produces some differentcoupling. The deviation of a moving wheel on a horizontal plane from straight rolling iscaused by unstable lateral con...

We evaluated the lethal effects of household bleach (5.25% sodium hypochlorite; NaOCI) on immature Aedes aegypti in tap water, with and without food, and in field-collected automobile tires. A sublethal dose was employed as a disinfectant in tires to control immatures through the destruction of microorganisms that constitute the main food items of mosquito larvae. The concentration of bleach th...