The title of this session assumes a trade-off between growth and equity, and a need to choose a point on that trade-off. Indeed, a recurring issue in development circles is whether countries should focus their development strategies on growth or on poverty reduction strategies. The trade-off could come from a possible influence of growth on the distribution of wealth; or from a possible influen...

Introduced by Hellman, Time-Memory Trade-Off (TMTO) attacks offer a generic technique to reverse one-way functions, where one can trade off time and memory costs and which are especially effective against stream ciphers. Hellman’s original idea has seen many different improvements, notably the Distinguished Points attack and the Rainbow Table attack. The trade-off curves of these approaches hav...

It has long been posited that detectability of sensory inputs can be sacrificed in favor of improved discriminability and that sensory adaptation may mediate this trade-off. The extent to which this trade-off exists behaviorally and the complete picture of the underlying neural representations that likely subserve the phenomenon remain unclear. In the rodent vibrissa system, an ideal observer a...

This chapter describes the integrated security verification and security solution design trade-off analysis (SVDT) approach. SVDT is useful when there is a diverse set of requirements imposed upon a security critical system, such as a required security level, time-to-market and budget constraints and end users’ expectations. Balancing these needs requires developers to evaluate alternative secu...

As energy management on energy-constrained devices continues to challenge researchers and frustrate users, device designs are addressing the problem by integrating more hardware components that can trade off energy and performance. Dynamic voltage-and-frequency scaling (DVFS) allows CPUs and memory to trade off speed and energy, buffering and polling rates allow radios to trade off latency and ...

Trade-off analysis, one of the key elements of transportation asset management (TAM), helps decision makers to not only quantify how different resource allocations affect system performance but also investigate the trade-off relationships between cost and performance measures and between different performance measures. In the fast-growing field of TAM, researchers are beginning to quantify the ...

A universality in optimization of trade-off between power and efficiency for low-dissipation Carnot cycles is presented. It is shown that any trade-off measure expressible in terms of efficiency and the ratio of power to its maximum value can be optimized independently of most details of the dynamics and of the coupling to thermal reservoirs. The result is demonstrated on two specific trade-off...

In the training of neural networks, there often exists a tradeoff between the time spent optimizing the model under investigation, and its final performance. Ideally, an optimization algorithm finds the model that has best test accuracy from the hypothesis space as fast as possible, and this model is efficient to evaluate at test time as well. However, in practice, there exists a trade-off betw...

It has been more than two decades since the formulation of the so-called 'trade-off' hypothesis as an alternative to the then commonly accepted idea that parasites should always evolve towards avirulence (the 'avirulence hypothesis'). The trade-off hypothesis states that virulence is an unavoidable consequence of parasite transmission; however, since the 1990s, this hypothesis has been increasi...

We propose a new PAC-Bayesian bound and a way of constructing a hypothesis space, so that the bound is convex in the posterior distribution and also convex in a trade-off parameter between empirical performance of the posterior distribution and its complexity. The complexity is measured by the Kullback-Leibler divergence to a prior. We derive an alternating procedure for minimizing the bound. W...