BACKGROUND Circadian rhythms with regard to time of symptom onset for patients with acute myocardial infarction have been observed, although their relationship to outcomes has been debated. We evaluated these rhythms in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction as a function of the 24-hour circadian cycle. METHODS AND RESULTS The relationship between onset of symptoms during the 24-hou...

BACKGROUND Quality improvement efforts have focused on strategies to improve the timeliness of reperfusion therapy in ST-elevation myocardial infarction patients who present to hospitals with and without percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) capability. We implemented and evaluated a protocol to optimize the timeliness of reperfusion therapy and to coordinate systems of care for a PCI center...

The focus of this paper is on developing an early detection and warning system for near-field tsunami to mitigate its impact on communities at risk. This a challenging task, given the stringent reliability and timeliness requirements, the development of such an infrastructure entails. To address this challenge, we propose a hybrid infrastructure, which combines cheap but unreliable undersea sen...

In this paper, we consider a wireless sensor network in which N nodes deliver the observed information of interest to remote receiver by competing for sharing channel through Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance (CSMA/CA) protocol or slotted ALOHA protocol. For network, evaluate freshness two random multiple access protocols using age (AoI) metric. order explicitly express ave...

BACKGROUND San Francisco has the highest rate of tuberculosis (TB) in the U.S. with recurrent outbreaks among the homeless and marginally housed. It has been shown for syndromic data that when exact geographic coordinates of individual patients are used as the spatial base for outbreak detection, higher detection rates and accuracy are achieved compared to when data are aggregated into administ...

BACKGROUND Timely vaccination is important to induce adequate protective immunity. We measured vaccination timeliness and vaccination coverage in three geographical areas in South Africa. METHODS This study used vaccination information from a community-based cluster-randomized trial promoting exclusive breastfeeding in three South African sites (Paarl in the Western Cape Province, and Umlazi ...

Background: this study aimed to assess both immunization coverage and timeliness, as well as reasons for non-vaccination, and identity the risk factors of delayed immunization, for the vaccines scheduled during the first year of life, in Zhejiang province, east China. Methods: A cluster survey among children aged 24-35 months was conducted. Demographic information and socio-economic characteris...

INTRODUCTION Since adoption of the measles case-based surveillance system in Zimbabwe in 1998, data has been routinely collected at all levels of the health delivery system and sent to national level with little or no documented evidence of use to identify risky populations, monitor impact of interventions and measure progress towards achieving measles elimination. We analysed this data to dete...

Multiagent coordination algorithms provide unique insights into the challenging problem of alleviating traffic congestion. What is particularly interesting in this class of problem is that no individual action (e.g., leave at a given time) is intrinsically “bad” but that combinations of actions among agents lead to undesirable outcomes. As a consequence, agents need to learn how to coordinate t...