In this paper we show that several classes of languages from computational complexity theory, such as EXPTIME, can be characterized in a continuous manner by using only polynomial differential equations. This characterization applies not to languages, but also functions, the defining Grzegorczyk hierarchy, which implies an analog class elementary computable functions and primitive recursive fun...

the present meta-analysis was conducted to provide a quantitative measure of the overall effects of task complexity on chinese efl learners’ language production. based on the strict inclusion criteria, 12 primary studies were synthesized according to key features. eleven of them were meta-analyzed to investigate effects of raising the resource-directing task complexity. results revealed that ...

The favorable gains gleaned from the provision of pre-task planning time (PTP) have struck a chord with SLA researchers as they try to manipulate task features to promote language production and development. In a similar vein, the present study is a two-fold attempt to first compare the effect of the length of pre-task planning time on discourse-analytic measures in narrative written production...

In L2 development, the cognitive complexity of tasks plays a crucial role in task performance and language features produced. However, there have only been few studies addressing the impact of task complexity on EFL learners' attention to L2 system and form-focused self-repairs (FFS).This study explores the role of increasing cognitive task complexity in EFL learners' form-focused attention (FF...

in this study, the problem of navigation in dynamic and unknown environment is investigated and a navigation method based on force field approach is suggested. it is assumed that the robot performs navigation in unknown environment and builds the map through slam procedure. since the moving objects' location and properties are unknown, they are identified and tracked by kalman filter. kalm...

In L2 development, the cognitive complexity of tasks plays a crucial role in task performance and language features produced. However, there have only been few studies addressing the impact of task complexity on EFL learners' attention to L2 system and form-focused self-repairs (FFS).This study explores the role of increasing cognitive task complexity in EFL learners' form-focused attention (FF...

The problem of fast identification of continuous-time systems is formulated in the metric complexity theory setting. It is shown that the two key steps to achieving fast identification, i.e., optimal input design and optimal model selection, can be carried out independently when the true system belongs to a general a priori set. These two optimization problems can be reduced to standard Gel’fan...

using nonlinear mathematical analysis, on the data obtained for.time seriesof shahd-iran price during 3.5 years, the characteristics,of the process associated with this, is analysed. analysing the behaviour of the time series associated with returns is indicative ofits short-term predictability nature. however, employing analysis regarding the correlation dimension estimate. it is indicated tha...

The aim of this study is to show that the measures derived from Electrocardiogram (ECG) signals many a time perform better than the same measures obtained from heart rate (HR) signals. A comparison was made to investigate how far the nonlinear symbolic dynamics approach helps to characterize the nonlinear properties of ECG signals and HR signals, and thereby discriminate between normal and cong...