The effects of mangrove forests on the flow structure in estuaries have been studied in this paper. An existing two-dimensional depth-integrated mathematical model has been refined to include both the effects of drag force induced by mangrove trees and the blockage effects on the mass fluxes through mangrove forests. To investigate the influence of mangrove trees on the flow structure two ideal...

Abstract The tidal reaches are characterized by unsteady and non-uniform flow (UNF), which is significantly different from the commonly assumed steady uniform (SUF) in hydraulics. SUF shows invariant temporal spatial characteristics, thus acceleration absent a prismatic channel. However, for UNF, variation of velocity depth both scales causes loss energy, increases resistance. In order to clari...

Patients with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) often exhale along the same flow-volume curve during quiet breathing as during a forced expiratory vital capacity manoeuvre, and this has been taken as indicating flow limitation at rest. To obtain such curves, a body plethysmograph and the patient's co-operation are required. We propose a simple technique which does not entail t...

As renewable generation has become less expensive during recent decades, and it becomes more accepted by the global population, the focus on renewable generation has expanded to include new types with promising future applications, such as river and tidal generation. The input variations to these types of resources are slower but also steadier than wind or solar generation. The level of water t...

The characteristics of a persistent gyre in the mouth of the Bay of Fundy are studied using model simulations. A set of climatological runs are conducted to evaluate the relative importance of the different forcing mechanisms affecting the gyre. The main mechanisms are tidal rectification, and density-driven circulation. Stronger circulation of the gyre occurs during the later part of the strat...

We determined the role of expiratory flow limitation (EFL) on the ventilatory response to heavy exercise in six trained male cyclists [maximal O2 uptake = 65 +/- 8 (range 55-74) ml. kg-1. min-1] with normal lung function. Each subject completed four progressive cycle ergometer tests to exhaustion in random order: two trials while breathing N2O2 (26% O2-balance N2), one with and one without adde...