Introduction: In order to study the alterations of beta 1 and 2 integrins mRNA level in rat lumbar spinal cord following the induction of chronic pain and its effect on the development of tolerance to morphine analgesia, we examined the level of expression of these genes in the presence of chronic pain, which is an inhibitor of morphine tolerance. We used induction of chronic pain alone and ...

introduction: the management of pain and inflammation related problem is a real challenge that people face daily. although several drugs are available for these conditions, medicinal plants are believed to be an important source of new chemical substances with potential therapeutic effects. the objective of current study was to investigate the anti-nociceptive effect of tanacetum fisherae which...

A poorly managed pain is associated with many negative results. These results disturb patients, their families and societies. Although opioid agents have extraordinary analgesic efficacy, they may cause serious adverse consequences. For medication of pain, there a medical need to discover possible alternatives opioids. In animal models acute synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists demonstrated ...

post operative pain and its control remains one of the most important issues in the field of surgery and health care system. formalin test has been used as a method for assessing pain and analgesia in rats. systemic and spinally administered clonidine, an ?2-adrenergic agonist, is proved to enhance postoperative analgesia. it has also been shown that morphine-dependent rats experience more chro...

INTRODUCTION Methadone has been used as a drug to detoxify opioid tolerance. Naloxane precipitated morphine withdrawal behaviours were attenuated by venlafaxine as an antidepressant. On the contrary, after detoxifying the opioids, spontaneous withdrawal syndrome may occur with pain sensitivity. Therefore the present study aimed to examine the effects of chronic methadone (70 mg/kg, in drinking ...

There are some reports in ancient medicinal literature that aqueous extracts of the leaves of Teucrium polium show analgesic effects. This prompted us to investigate the analgesic effect of the leaves of the plant using Tail-Flick and Fomalin tests. For this purpose, male NMRI rats weighing 220-260 g were used in all experiments. The aqueous extract of the plant was injected intraperitoneally a...

Background and Objective: Recent studies have shown that anticholinergic alkaloids compounds have strong analgesic effects. Due to presence of anticholinergic alkaloids in Hyoscyamus niger and its mentioned effects in Iranian traditional medicine, its analgesic effects were assessed. At first, acute and chronic pain thresholds in male NMRI rats with formalin test was evaluated, then oral and in...

Introduction The complex pharmacodynamic mechanism of topiramate is currently approved for only two major diseases: epilepsy, mono or combined therapy, and preventing episodes of migraine. However, there are many other studies that emphasize other potential clinical effects deriving from its complex action and leading to its use in acute nociceptive pain and neuropathic pain management. Topiram...