The aim of this paper is to determine the critical buckling load for simply supported thin shallow spherical shells made of functionally graded material (FGM) subjected to uniform external pressure. A metal-ceramic functionally graded (FG) shell with a power law distribution for volume fraction is considered, where its properties vary gradually through the shell thickness direction from pure me...

To adapt porous material for its application as low noise trailing edge, a special rolling process, using time-varied gap, was used in previous research to produce porosity gradient the direction of rolling. Investigations suggest that may also be produced thickness material, i.e., gap direction, without specialized mill. Such help further increase acoustic efficiency materials. The aim this st...

in this study, the four cr-mn-(ni-free) austenitic steels were fabricated by vacuum induction furnace. then plates with 10 mm thickness were fabricated by hot-rolling. corrosion behaviour of the four cr-mn steels in 0.1 m h2so4 solution was investigated using by open-circuit potential, potentiodynamic polarization, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (eis). the results indicated that the...