Cell fusion involving progenitor cells is a newly recognized phenomenon thought to contribute to tissue differentiation. The molecular mechanisms governing cell fusion are unknown. P-glycoprotein and related ATP-binding cassette transporters are expressed by progenitor cells, but their physiological role in these cell types has not been defined. Here, we have cloned ABCB5, a rhodamine efflux tr...

Intermediate lipid structures such as inverted micelles and interlamellar attachments, which can form near liquid crystalline lamellar (L alpha) to inverted hexagonal (HII) phase boundaries, are thought to play a role in membrane fusion. To investigate whether these structures are also involved in influenza hemagglutinin-mediated membrane fusion, measurement of fusion under conditions where suc...

Depictive expressions of thought predate written language by thousands of years. They have evolved in communities through a kind of informal user testing that has refined them. Analyzing common visual communications reveals consistencies that illuminate how people think as well as guide design; the process can be brought into the laboratory and accelerated. Like language, visual communications ...

The studies reported here have been concerned with the programming of a digital computer to behave in a way which, if done by human beings or animals, would be described as involving the process of learning. While this is not the place to dwell on the importance of machine-learning procedures, or to discourse on the philosophical aspects,1 there is obviously a very large amount of work, now don...

Secretory cells of many types store their secretions in membrane-bound granules, the contents of which are released, on demand, by exocytosis. During exocytosis the granule and plasma membrane must fuse. Electron microscopic studies of chemically fixed tissues (Palade & Bruns, 1968; Tandler & Poulsen, 1976; Lawson et al., 1977; Pinto da Silva & Nogueira, 1977) suggest that membrane fusion is in...

Designing and producing a proper fusion construction is the most important problem of producing large quantities of a properly folded functional protein. This construction should have all necessary components of a real gene. A good designed fusion gene construction could be cloned into a good and suitable host. Clostridium perfringens is an important pathogen of humans and livestock and produce...

Most malignant brain tumours contain various numbers of cells with characteristics of activated or dysmorphic macrophages/microglia. These cells are generally considered part of the tumour stroma and are often described as TAM (tumour-associated macrophages). These types of cells are thought to either enhance or inhibit brain tumour progression. Recent evidence indicates that neoplastic cells w...

International consensus has been achieved on the existence of several dysfunctional beliefs underlying the development and/ or maintenance of the Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD). Nevertheless, questions such as the dimensionality of the belief domains and the existence of OCD-specific dysfunctional beliefs still remain inconclusive. The present paper addresses these topics through two diffe...

This is a case study in problem-solving, representing part of a program of research on complex information-processingsystems. We have specified a system for finding proofs of theorems in elementary symbolic logic, and by programming a computer to these specifications, have obtained empirical data on the problem-solving process in elementary logic. The program is called the Logic Theory Machine ...

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