Unelected officials with coercive powers (e.g., police, prosecutors, bureaucrats) vary markedly in the extent to which citizens view their actions as legitimate. We explore the institutional determinants of legitimate authority in the context of a public goods laboratory experiment. In the experiment, an “authority” can target one “citizen” for punishment following citizen contribution choices....

We use a Bayesian Markov Chain Monte Carlo algorithm jointly to estimate the parameters of a ‘true’ data generating mechanism and those of a sequence of approximating models that a monetary authority uses to guide its decisions. Gaps between a true expectational Phillips curve and the monetary authority’s approximating non-expectational Phillips curve models unleash inflation that a monetary au...

The purpose of the present study, which is based on grounded theory, was to investigate the role and function of the family in the formation and continuation of adolescents’ addiction to social networks. A total number of 39 students (25 girls and 14 boys), 12 parents, and 11 psychologists were interviewed using a semi-structured questionnaire and the data were analyzed via Strauss and Corbin m...

This article examines the extent and limits of nonstate forms of authority in international relations. It analyzes how the information and communication technology (ICT) infrastructure for the tradability of services in a global knowledge-based economy relies on informal regulatory practices for the adjustment of ICT-related skills. By focusing on the challenge that highly volatile and short-li...

introduction: the purpose of this study was to examine the possibility of implementing operating budgeting in shiraz municipality. method: the population of this study was consisted of four groups of individuals who were aware of the various phases of budgeting in shiraz municipality including: (1) senior managers and administrative and financial assistants, (2) financial managers along with ac...

The paper analyzes the choice of organizational structure as solution to the trade-off between controlling behavior based on authority rights and minimizing costs for implementing high efforts. The analysis includes the owner of a firm, a top manager and two division heads. If it is more expensive to incentivize the division heads, the owner will prefer full delegation of authority to them to r...

In a distributed file system built on network attached storage, client computers access data directly from shared storage, rather than submitting I/O requests through a server. Without a server marshaling access to data, if a computer fails or becomes isolated in a network partition while holding locks on cached data objects, those objects become inaccessible to other computers until a locking ...

The general-case glass ceiling hypothesis states that not only is it more difficult for women than for men to be promoted up levels of authority hierarchies within workplaces but also that the obstacles women face relative to men become greater as they move up the hierarchy. Gender-based discrimination in promotions is not simply present across levels of hierarchy but is more intense at higher ...