Using NADPH-diaphorase (NADPH-d) histochemistry, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS)-immunohistochemistry and immunoblotting, we characterized the nitric oxide (NO)-producing neurons in the brain and thoracic ganglion of a shore crab subjected to a nociceptive chemical stimulus. Formalin injection into the cheliped evoked specific nociceptive behavior and neurochemical responses in the brain...

Currently, notalgia paresthetica (NP) is a poorly-understood condition diagnosed on the basis of pruritus, pain, or both, in the area medial to the scapula and lateral to the thoracic spine. It has been proposed that NP is caused by degenerative changes to the T2-T6 vertebrae, genetic disposition, or nerve entrapment of the posterior rami of spinal nerves arising at T2-T6. Despite considerable ...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the cardiopulmonary endurance of subjects with spinal cord injury by measuring the maximal oxygen consumption with varying degrees of spinal cord injury level, age, and regular exercise. METHODS We instructed the subjects to perform exercises using arm ergometer on healthy adults at 20 years of age or older with spinal cord injury, and their maximal oxygen consumption (V...

Medial scapular winging is often due to dysfunction of the serratus anterior muscle as a result of injury to the long thoracic nerve. Impairment of the serratus anterior muscle may cause uncoordinated scapulohumeral rhythm during shoulder elevation and subsequent subscapular or shoulder pain, subacromial impingement, and glenohumeral joint instability. Although long thoracic nerve injury typica...

Abstract Background The purpose of this study was to use MRI and CT observe osteoporosis vertebral fracture (OVF) combined with endplate-disc complex (EDC) injury classify the degree EDC according changes in signal intensity morphology on images. Methods We investigated incidence injury, observed using CT, graded injuries from 0 4 their severity. compared whether there were differences among di...

Cardiac laceration from blunt thoracic trauma is not a common presentation. The rate of mortality due to this injury is very high since it is not diagnosed and treated immediately. In this study, we present the case of a 65-year-old man with blunt cardiac trauma, causing right atrial rupture and pericardial tamponade. Successful management of this patient was firstly done with initial pericardi...

T raumatic blunt injury to the thoracic aorta is one of the most formidable challenges surgeons face. This devastating condition can lead to immediate death at the time of injury in the majority of cases, due in part to either aortic transection or acute rupture.1 Although blunt aortic injury accounts for less than 1% of all adult level I trauma center admissions, this condition represents the ...

We present a case of motorcyclist involved in multi-vehicle motor vehicle accident (MVA), where he was rear-ended by motorcar, collided head-on into second motorcar and subsequently flung off his motorcycle. There no suggestion runover. At autopsy, the torso showed extensive brush abrasions with open wounds. Internally, there were devastating injuries, complete separation thoracic abdominal vis...