Descending thoracic aorta to femoral artery bypass has been used as a remedial operation after aortic or axillofemoral graft failure or graft infection and other intra-abdominal pathologies not amenable to standard aortofemoral revascularization. It can avoid abdomen approach and has been known as a durable procedure with excellent long-term patency. We reported descending thoracic aorta to fem...

Introduction:Neurogenic mediastinal tumors comprise a wide range of benign and malignant diseases. A group of these tumors, located at thoracic apex, sometimes spread to cervical spaces causing numerous surgical difficulties. In thoracotomy approaches, due to proximity of the tumors to major blood vessels, complete removal of these tumors from cervical spaces is impossible or may cause intraope...

To describe the origin, course and termination of the thoracic duct in cats, eight adult healthy cats of both sexes and of different ages, were examined. Abdominal cavity was opened with a median incision under general anaesthesia. Then, Indian ink was injected into the lymph nodes of the abdominal cavity, and into the popliteal lymph nodes. After exsanguination by the conventional methods, the...

The use of ultrasound in the evaluation of blunt thoraco-abdominal trauma is well described. Evidence for the use of ultrasound in the evaluation of penetrating cardio-thoracic and abdominal trauma, however, is more limited and varied. Current literature demonstrates that ultrasound is an excellent screening tool for penetrating thoracic and cardiac injuries with a high sensitivity for detectin...

The vertebrate body wall is regionalized into thoracic and lumbosacral/abdominal regions that differ in their morphology and developmental origin. The thoracic body wall has ribs and intercostal muscles, which develops from thoracic somites, whereas the abdominal wall has abdominal muscles, which develops from lumbosacral somites without ribs cage. To examine whether limb-genesis interferes wit...

Introduction The abdominal aorta begins at 12th thoracic vertebra, and it descends anterior to the lumbar vertebrae, and bifurcates at the 4th lumbal vertebral body. It supplies all the abdominal organs, abdominal walls, gonads, and lower extremity [1]. In the usual vasculature, celiac trunk is divided into three branches: common hepatic artery (CHA), splenic artery (SA), and left gastric arter...