In this paper, we study the inapproximability of several well known optimization problems in network optimization. We show that the max directed vertex-disjoint paths problem cannot be approximated within ratio 2log1 n unless NP DTIME[2polylog n], the max directed edge-disjoint paths problem cannot be approximated within ratio 2log1 n unless NP DTIME[2polylog n], the integer multicommodity ow p...

It is not every day that a scholar stoops to defend legislatures. Oh sure, lots of political theorists rush to the defense of democracy in the abstract, but they often have little to say about actual democratic practice. By contrast, empirical political scientists (and “positive political theorists”) have lavished attention on the institutions of democratic governance such as legislatures (part...

In this study we explore two different perspectives of one ICT project. The “mainstream” believed that an educational ICT project for Taiwanese aboriginals was successful, while the local aboriginals and local teachers did not. Using ethnographic research, we investigated the possible reasons for the disparity between the views of the mainstream and the locals. Our findings indicate that the pa...

Monitoring approaches to consciousness claim that a mental state is conscious when it is suitably monitored. Higher-order monitoring theory makes the monitoring state and the monitored state logically independent. Same-order monitoring theory claims a constitutive, non-contingent connection between the monitoring state and the monitored state. In this paper, I articulate different versions of t...