To the Editor: Electrical stimulation of the cerebellar fastigial nucleus (FN) in rat reduces, by over 40%, the vol­ ume of the focal ischemic infarction produced by occlusion of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) (Berger et aI. , 1990; Reis et aI. , 1991; Zhang and Iadecola, 1992; Yamamoto et aI. , 1993). The mech­ anism of the effect is unknown. While the salvage has been attributed to neuronal...

Since the outbreak of the recent war a number of contributions have been made to the chemotherapy of rickettsial diseases. Forbisen (4-41-bis-antipyrine) and toluidine blue (TB) were shown to be active against routine typhus infections in mice (1). Although found to be effective against pulmonary infections in mice with murine and epidemic rickettsiae, p-sulfamidobenzamidine and p-sulfamidobenz...

Using glucose oxidase (GOx) as a target protein, we studied the adsorption of protein on the phenothiazine-modified electrodes and assessed the potential of using the electrodes in biochemical applications. Experiment results showed that thionine chloride (TC) and its structural analogues, such as toluidine blue and methylene blue, fluoresced under photochemical excitation after being immobiliz...

Divergent views exist concerning the morphology of Bacterium tularense. McCoy and Chapin's (1912) original description depicted an apparently immotile, small, questionably encapsulated, pleomorphic organism occasionally presenting enlarged, irregular, and apparent involution fonns; sometimes with predominant large globular forms. Ohara, Kobayashi, and Kudo (1935) claimed to have demonstrated fl...

Medical Aspects of Chemical and Biological Warfare 514 suffering from contagious abortion. 6 In 1917, A. C. Evans recognized that Bang's organism was identical to that described by Bruce as the causative agent of human brucellosis. The organism infects mainly cattle, sheep, goats, and other ruminants, in which it causes abortion, fetal death, and genital infection. 7,8 Humans, who are usually i...

PURPOSE To develop a sensitive and reproducible technique for measuring the adherence of blood lymphocytes to vessel walls exposed in sections of human retina and for examining the role of lymphocyte and vascular adhesion molecules in these events. METHODS Cryostat sections of human retina were overlaid with blood lymphocytes from healthy subjects, and experimental conditions were sought by w...

V itamin B-12 is a cofactor for 2 enzymes. In the cytoplasm, methionine synthase requires vitamin B-12 in the form of methylcobalamin and catalyzes the conversion of homocysteine to methi-onine by transfer of a methyl group from methyltet-rahydrofolate. This enzyme links the methylation pathway through synthesis of the methyl donor S-adenosyl methionine and the pathway in which purine and pyrim...