There exists a theory of a single general-purpose learning algorithm which could explain the principles its operation. It assumes the initial rough architecture, a small library of simple innate circuits which are prewired at birth. and proposes that all significant mental algorithms are learned. Given current understanding and observations, this paper reviews and lists the ingredients of such ...

Unsymbolized thinking--the experience of an explicit, differentiated thought that does not include the experience of words, images, or any other symbols--is a frequently occurring yet little known phenomenon. Unsymbolized thinking is a distinct phenomenon, not merely, for example, an incompletely formed inner speech or a vague image, and is one of the five most common features of inner experien...

Critical thinking in the college classroom actively engages students in higher order thinking about course material: questioning, applying, analyzing, synthesizing and/or evaluating it using reasoning, logic, and problem-solving abilities. It moves beyond the mere acquisition and retention of information. The resources below provide research, bibliographies, methods, articles, and handouts for ...

In order to perceive infrequent events as hints for new ideas, it is desired to know and model the process of creating and refining ideas. In this paper, we address this modeling problem experimentally. Firstly, we focus on the relation between thinking time and writing time in handwriting. We observe two types of patterns; one group takes longer time in thinking and shorter in writing, the oth...

Mapping A second class of problems does not require one to consider spatial or visual information per se, but recruits imagery by establishing a mapping between non-spatial information and spatial representations. There are two situations in which such a mapping would be useful. The first is when a depictive representation would be more concise than a verbal or propositional representation alon...

An experiment tested whether and in what circumstances people are more likely to believe an event simply because it makes them better off. Subjects observed a financial asset’s historical price chart, and received both an accuracy bonus for predicting the price at some future point, and an unconditional award that was either increasing or decreasing in this price. Despite incentives for hedging...

How to come up with numerical PD estimates if there are no default observations? Katja Pluto and Dirk Tasche propose a statistically based methodology to derive non-zero probabilities of default for credit portfolios with none or very few observed defaults. Their most prudent estimation principle delivers results for any desired degree of conservatism, and can be applied to both uncorrelated an...

■ Abstract Reasoning processes allow the human cognitive system to go beyond the information readily available in the environment. This review focuses on the processes of human thinking, including deductive reasoning, induction, mental simulation, and analogy. We survey recent trends across several areas, including categorization, mental models, cognitive development, and decision making. Our c...

This paper describes early experiments, which attempt to reconfigure the sound of a breath using a network of artificial spiking cortical neurons. The connectivity of the network evolves according to a spike timing dependent plasticity algorithm and the instrument triggers grains of sound from recordings of the breath when any of the neurons fire.

Critical thinking in the college classroom actively engages students in higher order thinking about course material: questioning, applying, analyzing, synthesizing and/or evaluating it using reasoning, logic, and problem-solving abilities. It moves beyond the mere acquisition and retention of information. The resources below provide research, bibliographies, methods, articles, and handouts for ...