........................................................................................................................v LIST OF TABLES ............................................................................................................. xi LIST OF FIGURES ......................................................................................................... xiv CHAPTER 1. THERMOREGU...

Most clinically available thermometers accurately report the temperature of whatever tissue is being measured. The difficulty is that no reliably core-temperature-measuring sites are completely noninvasive and easy to use-especially in patients not undergoing general anesthesia. Nonetheless, temperature can be reliably measured in most patients. Body temperature should be measured in patients u...

Core body temperature is normally tightly regulated to within a few tenths of a degree. The major thermoregulatory defences in humans are sweating, arteriovenous shunt vasoconstriction, and shivering. The core temperature triggering each response defines its activation threshold. General anaesthetics greatly impair thermoregulation, synchronously reducing the thresholds for vasoconstriction and...

Fever occurs when pyrogenic stimulation activates thermal control centres. Fever is common during the perioperative period, but rare during anaesthesia. Although only a limited number of studies are available to explain how anaesthesia affects fever, general anaesthesia seems to inhibit fever by decreasing the thermoregulatory-response thresholds to cold. Opioids also inhibit fever; however, th...

OBJECTIVES Nucleus Raphe Magnus (NRM) that is involved in the regulation of body temperature contains nitric oxide (NO) synthase. Considering the effect of NO on skin blood flow control, in this study, we assessed its thermoregulatory role within the raphe magnus. MATERIALS AND METHODS To this end, tail blood flow of male Wistar rats was measured by laser doppler following the induction of hy...

Cold acclimation induces very divergent responses in thyroid function in reptiles and mammals reflective of their different thermoregulatory modes. Naked mole-rats, unlike other small mammals, are unable to effectively employ endothermy and are operatively poikilotherms. We therefore investigated changes in their thyroid status with chronic cold exposure. Under simulated burrow conditions, free...

We measured metabolic heat production (Ḣm) of perching and foraging Black-capped Chickadees (Poecile atricapillus) to determine if the heat produced during foraging activity, or exercise thermogenesis, could replace thermoregulatory heat production requirements. Ḣm and activity of chickadees in winter were measured at ambient temperatures (Ta) ranging from 211.5u to 15.5uC. Mean activity amplit...