The modulatory effects of electrical and chemical (glutamate) stimulation in the rostral ventromedial medulla (RVM) on spinal nociceptive transmission and a spinal nociceptive reflex were studied in rats. Electrical stimulation at a total 86 sites in the RVM in the medial raphe nuclei (n = 54) and adjacent gigantocellular areas (n = 32) produced biphasic (facilitatory and inhibitory, n = 43) or...

BACKGROUND Acupuncture and moxibustion are used to treat pruritus and atopic dermatitis. However, whether cold stimulation (defined as that the temperature conducted under skin temperature) of acupoints affects itching in experimental murine models remains unclear. METHODS The present study was designed to determine the therapeutic effects of different thermal stimulations at the Quchi acupoi...

This paper presents an experimental comparison of laser beam based techniques applied to a case study concerning ESD defect location. Thermal laser stimulation and non-biased optical beam induced current techniques are evaluated and discussed. Experimental results demonstrate the advantages and weak points of the two approaches. 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.

NATURE | VOL 419 | 12 SEPTEMBER 2002 | www.nature.com/nature 207 The world ocean is one of the main constituents of the climate system and affects climate in a multitude of ways. Its sheer size is obvious: 71% of the Earth is covered by ocean, so that most of the solar radiation received at the Earth’s surface goes into the ocean and warms the surface waters. As a result of its heat capacity an...

Lanthanide-doped luminescent materials have been widely used in the field of information security and optical sensing, owing to their unique properties. However, conventional usually exhibit unicolor single-peak emission, which leads a decrease application efficiency anti-counterfeiting temperature sensing. In this work, we successfully developed series novel multi-mode stimulation Ca2Nb2O7 sys...

the aim of this investigation is to compare the effect of applying two transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (tens) current with different frequencies (2 hz & 100 hz) on hoffmann reflex recorded from gastrosoleus muscle of healthy people. forty female subjects between 20 to 30 years of age were participated in this quasi-experimental design. twenty of them were exposed to the 100 hz curre...

background: motor function impairment occurs in approximately two-thirds of patients with subcortical stroke. repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rtms) is a noninvasive technique for modulating cortical excitability. objectives: the present study was designed for assessing the efficacy of high-frequency rtms (5 hz) on ipsilesional primary motor cortex in patients with subcortical stro...

BACKGROUND AND AIM Recent studies have indicated that prior thermal stress causes upregulation of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) expression in the pancreas and protects against secretagogue induced pancreatitis. The mechanisms responsible for the protective effect are not known. Similarly, the effects of prior non-thermal stress on HSP70 expression and pancreatitis are not known. The current stu...