In this paper the superheating of electron plasma by femtosecond laser pulses is investigated. With Heaviside thermal equation (Lasers in Engineering, 12, (2002), p. 17) the generation of superhot electrons is described. It is shown that in hot electron plasma (i.e. with electron energies > 5 MeV) the thermal shock waves can be generated.

We present calculations of the spatial and spectral distribution of the radio, X-ray and γ-ray emission from shock accelerated electrons in the wind-collision region (WCR) of WR140. Our calculations are for orbital phase 0.837 when the observed radio emission is close to maximum. Using the observed thermal X-ray emission at this phase in conjunction with the radio emission to constrain the mass...

We investigate the spatial and spectral properties of non-thermal emission from clusters of galaxies at γ-ray energies. We estimate the radiation flux between 10 keV and 10 TeV due to inverse-Compton (IC) emission, π-decay and non-thermal bremsstrahlung (NTB) from cosmic-ray (CR) ions and electrons accelerated at cosmic shocks as well as secondary e generated in inelastic p-p collisions. We ide...

Chill casting of magnesium alloy samples with secondary alloying elements of Cu, Ca and Sn at % w.t. concentrations in the range 1–5, 0.1–5 and 0.1–3 respectively, gave rise to appreciably enhanced resistance to high-temperature creep, while maintaining good heat conductivity. The latter was considered to be driven by Cu and Mg-Cu intermetallics while it was clear that Sn mediated the high-temp...

While invoicing currency has been extensively studied in open-economy macroeconomics, Dotsey and Duarte (2011) suggest that the currency denomination of exports does not matter because standard invoicing currency regimes such as producer currency pricing (PCP) and local currency pricing (LCP) generate similar aggregate responses. However, this paper demonstrates the importance of invoicing curr...