The science of plant water transport is equal parts of physics and biology. Plants have evolved a complex wick system that harnesses the cohesive hydrogen bond energy of liquid water and suppresses the heterogeneous nucleation of caVitation. Trade-offs between making the wick safe against cavitation and implosion, yet efficient in moving water, result in the process being limiting to plant perf...

different construction materials with different roughness used to make circular weirs highly affect surface roughness and, in turn, flow hydraulics passing over these structures.  in the present research, numerous experiments under different hydraulic conditions were performed on a physical model to study the effects of roughness on flow hydraulics over a circular weir. the flow hydraulics incl...

Significant design efforts were undertaken during the Pre-Concept Design (PCD) phase of European DEMO program to optimize helium cooled pebble bed (HCPB) breeding blanket. A gate review was conducted for entire at conclusion PCD phase. This article presents a summary evolution and rationale behind HCPB blanket concept DEMO. The main performance metrics, including nuclear, thermal hydraulics, me...