The study aims for a comparative study of butyl rubber (IIR) and bromobutyl rubber (BIIR) based on spectroscopic, dielectric and thermal characterization. Using FTIR, complete vibrational analysis of butyl rubber and bromobutyl rubber are made available which confirms their chemical structure and the functional groups present in them. The effect of microwave frequency, namely 10 GHz and 26 GHz ...

A simple stochastic up-scaling strategy is presented for incorporating the effects of micro-scale variations of thermal conductivity in the thermal analysis of macro-scale systems. Incomplete characterization of the fine-scale variation necessitates posing the thermal conductivity as a stochastic multiscale random field. A data-driven approach coupled with a non-linear dimension reduction algor...

This paper reports on the modelling of a commercial 1.2 kW proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC), based on interrelated electrical and thermal models. The electrical model proposed is based on the integration of the thermodynamic and electrochemical phenomena taking place in the FC whilst the thermal model is established from the FC thermal energy balance. The combination of both models ma...

We present thermal conductivity measurements of micromachined 500 nm thick silicon-nitride Si–N beams suspended between two Si–N islands, in the temperature range from 77 to 325 K. The measured thermal conductivity, k, of Si–N at high temperatures is in good agreement with previously measured values for Si–N grown by low-pressure chemical vapor deposition, but behaves much differently as temper...

The spectral resolution of a MEMS-based IR microspectrometer critically depends on the thermal cross-talk between adjacent TE elements in the detector array. Thermal isolation between elements is realized by using bulk micromachining directly following CMOS processing. This paper reports on the characterization results of bridge-shaped TE detector elements that are cut out of a membrane. Elemen...

To date, there is no experimental characterization of thermal conductivity of semiconductor polymeric individual nanowires embedded in a matrix. This work reports on scanning thermal microscopy measurements in a 3ω configuration to determine how the thermal conductivity of individual nanowires made of a model conjugated polymer (P3HT) is modified when decreasing their diameters. We observe a re...

3D stacking of dies is an enabler for further miniaturization and increase of functionality. Individual dies are thinned down aggressively – down to approximately 20 um – and glued on top of each other. With such 3D ICs, the same power dissipation will lead to higher temperatures in a stacked-die package compared to a single-die package. Hence, there is a need to perform detailed thermal analys...

We review the recent progress in thermal characterization and sensor applications of one-dimensional nanostructures employing microelectromechanical system (MEMS) devices. It was found by thermal measurements that the thermal conductance of a single wall carbon nanotube (SWCNT) was very close to the ballistic thermal conductance of a 1-nm-diameter SWCNT without signatures of phonon-phonon Umkla...

Frequency-domain thermoreflectance is extended to the characterization of thin metals films on low thermal diffusivity substrates. We show how a single noncontact measurement can yield both the thickness and thermal conductivity of a thin metal film with high accuracy. Results are presented from measurements of gold and aluminum films 20–100 nm thick on fused silica substrate. The thickness mea...

Recent work establishes that ultrathin, stretchable sensors can enable high precision thermal characterization of the skin, with capabilities for spatial mapping, in forms that avoid irritation, thermal or mechanical loads on natural behaviors, or motion artifacts. The results have potential for use in cardiovascular screening, skin hydration sensing, and local skin heating and thermal therapy....