OBJECTIVE Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) eradication remains a challenge with increasing antibiotic resistance. Hybrid therapy has attracted widespread attention because of initial report with good efficacy and safety. However, many issues on hybrid therapy are still unclear such as the eradication efficacy, safety, compliance, influencing factors, correlation with antibiotic resistance, and c...

Current advancements in antiretroviral therapy (ART) have turned HIV-1 infection into a chronic and manageable disease. However, treatment is only effective until HIV-1 develops resistance against the administered drugs. The most recent antiretroviral drugs have become superior at delaying the evolution of acquired drug resistance. In this review, the viral fitness and its correlation to HIV-1 ...

The inappropriate use of antibiotics contributes to the development resistant bacteria and has a significant influence on treatment failure. increasing rapid spread ABR (Antibiotic Resistance) become big issue through worldwide during past few decades. main objective is identify most prescribing in clinical practice. To evaluate pattern for different microbial infection. It prospective observat...

Resistance to macrolides and lincosamides is increasingly reported in clinical isolates of gram-positive bacteria. The multiplicity of mechanisms of resistance, which include ribosomal modification, efflux of the antibiotic, and drug inactivation, results in a variety of phenotypes of resistance. There is controversy concerning the clinical relevance of in vitro macrolide resistance. Recent dat...

The advent of targeted therapy for treatment of human cancers has added significantly to our armamentarium as we strive to prolong patient survival while minimizing toxicity. In cancers driven by a dominant oncogene, targeted therapies have led to remarkable improvements in response and survival, whereas in others the outcome has been more modest. One key aspect toward realizing the potential o...

To determine whether neuroblastomas acquire a sustained drug-resis tant phenotype from exposure to chemotherapeutic agents given to pa tients in vivo, we studied neuroblastoma cell lines established at different points of therapy: six at diagnosis before therapy (DX), six at progressive disease during induction therapy (PD-Ind), and five at relapse after intensive chemoradiotherapy and bone mar...

Multiple treatment strategies are available for empiric antibiotic therapy in hospitals, but neither clinical studies nor theoretical investigations have yielded a clear picture when which strategy is optimal and why. Extending earlier work of others and us, we present a mathematical model capturing treatment strategies using two drugs, i.e the multi-drug therapies referred to as cycling, mixin...

To determine whether neuroblastomas acquire a sustained drug-resistant phenotype from exposure to chemotherapeutic agents given to patients in vivo, we studied neuroblastoma cell lines established at different points of therapy: six at diagnosis before therapy (DX), six at progressive disease during induction therapy (PD-Ind), and five at relapse after intensive chemoradiotherapy and bone marro...

PURPOSE Although most patients with estrogen receptor α (ER)-positive breast cancer initially respond to endocrine therapy, many ultimately develop resistance to antiestrogens. However, mechanisms of antiestrogen resistance and biomarkers predictive of such resistance are underdeveloped. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We adapted four ER(+) human breast cancer cell lines to grow in an estrogen-depleted m...