we investigate the growth of matter density perturbations as well as the generalized second law (gsl) of thermodynamics in the framework of f(r)-gravity. we consider a spatially flat frw universe filled with the pressureless matter and radiation which is enclosed by the dynamical apparent horizon with the hawking temperature. for some viable f(r) models containing the starobinsky, hu-sawicki, exp...

The cognitive mechanism of humor has been studied for centuries, with multiple seemingly incompatible theories proposed. However, none of existing theories is capable of explaining all empirical evidence. Recent research suggests emotional appraisals are tightly coupled and closely interact with other types of cognitive processes to create complex emotions and affects. This entangled nature con...

Even though automated information systems have been used in work life for almost three decades, the academic discipline of information systems development is still in a ‘pre-paradigmatic phase’. There is no central corpus of a well understood and accepted theory of how these artifacts should be understood and designed. What we see is a set of scattered methods and theories, with influences from...

Reflection and refraction of electromagnetic waves by artificial periodic composites (metamaterials) can be accurately modeled by an effective medium theory only if the boundary of the medium is explicitly taken into account and the two effective parameters of the medium (the index of refraction and the impedance) are correctly determined. Theories that consider infinite periodic composites do ...

We study the ultraviolet asymptotics in non-simply laced affine Toda theories considering them as perturbed non-affine Toda theories, which possess the extended conformal symmetry. We calculate the reflection amplitudes, in non-affine Toda theories and use them to derive the quantization condition for the vacuum wave function, describing zero-mode dynamics. The solution of this quantization con...

We outline the structure of boundary conditions in conformal field theory. A boundary condition is specified by a consistent collection of reflection coefficients for bulk fields on the disk together with a choice of an automorphism ω of the fusion rules that preserves conformal weights. Non-trivial automorphisms ω correspond to D-brane configurations for arbitrary conformal field theories.

Ordinals made their entrance in proof theory through Gentzen’s second consistency proof for Peano Arithmetic by transfinite induction up to ε0, the latter being applied only to decidable predicates (cf. Gentzen [1938]). Gentzen’s constructive use of ordinals as a method of analyzing formal theories has come to be a paradigm for much of proof theory from then on, particularly as exemplified in t...