in highly competitive market of food industry maintaining and increasing market share are results of brand performance. hence detecting the effective factors on the brand performance is crucial in strategic marketing decisions. data gathered by a 36-items questionnaire. the sample was composed of 131 managers and marketing experts in 62 companies in food industry those are located in tehran cit...

this study investigates the effects of  macroeconomic variables and their role in development of foreign exchange market. the foreign exchange market is the mechanism by which a person of firm transfers purchasing power form one country to another, obtains or provides credit for international trade transactions, and minimizes exposure to foreign exchange risk. the foreign exchange transaction i...

This paper demonstrates a method to how reserve capacity and cost allocation could be determined in a pool-based and disaggregated market model. The method considers both the spinning reserve and interruptible loads as the operating reserve services. In the proposed market, generators and consumers (including participation of interruptible loads) submit offers and bids to the independent system...

This paper proposes an index for nodal market power detection in power market under locational marginal pricing (LMP). This index is an ex-ante technique to detect the market power. More precisely, this criterion detects the potential of exercising market power regardless of detecting the actual market power. Also it is obvious that pricing and market clearing method affect the potential of exe...

prices of meat in the international and a nation's internal markets tend to be closely related to each other. this relation could be sometimes harmful and due to lagged responses, meat prices at the internal market would subsequently increase as input prices increase at either the internal or international market. price uncertainty and transmition are two important problems facing a nation...