Two determinants of crown fire hazard are canopy bulk density (CBD) and canopy base height (CBH). The Fire and Fuels Extension to the Forest Vegetation Simulator (FFE-FVS) is a model that predicts CBD and CBH. Currently, FFE-FVS accounts for neither geographic variation in tree allometries nor the nonuniform distribution of crown mass when one is estimating CBH and CBD. We develop allometric eq...

This paper tries to estimate the capital investment required for the fixed-telephony network switching equipment as demanded by the fourth national development plan. As a first step, the Cobb-Douglas model is used as a successful demand forecasting model to estimate the demand over the target years. Then, an architectural plan is developed for the fixed-telephony switching network that takes in...

In this study, the three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) boundary layer of stagnation-point flow in a nanofluid was investigated. The Navier–Stokes equations were reduced to a set of nonlinear ordinary differential equations using a similarity transform. The similarity equations were solved for three types of nanoparticles: copper, alumina and titania with water as the base fluid, to inve...

It is shown that if α, β ≥ − 12 , then the orthonormal Jacobi polynomials p (α,β) n fulfill the local estimate |p n (t)| ≤ C(α, β) ( √ 1− x+ 1 n ) α+ 2 ( √ 1 + x+ 1 n ) β+ 2 for all t ∈ Un(x) and each x ∈ [−1, 1], where Un(x) are subintervals of [−1, 1] defined by Un(x) = [x− φn(x) n , x+ φn(x) n ]∩[−1, 1] for n ∈ N and x ∈ [−1, 1] with φn(x) = √ 1− x2+ 1 n . Applications of the local estimate ...

Many parameter estimation problems in chemical or biochemical engineering lead to ill-conditioned and nonconvex optimization problems. For bad starting values the use gradient based result in local optimal solutions. To overcome this drawback, a global optimization approach, Simulated Annealing, has been coupled with a gradient-based SQP approach. To improve the accuracy of the parameter estima...