Incidence of insect damage, and association of insect damage with mycotoxigenic corn ear molds and mycotoxins was examined in commercial fields of Bt and non-Bt hybrids of different backgrounds in Illinois in 1998 and 1999. Nearly 50% Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) infestation sometimes occurred in Bt hybrids that express high levels of the protein in silks and kernels. Damage by European corn borer,...

The river floodplain species Rorippa amphibia, Rorippa sylvestris, and their hybrid Rorippa x anceps were studied here, with the aim of identifying potential species differences with respect to flooding tolerance, and of assessing their expression in F1 hybrids. Parents and their F1 hybrids were subjected to three flooding treatments mimicking natural conditions, and growth-related and leaf mor...

Development of Leishmania infantum/Leishmania major hybrids was studied in two sand fly species. In Phlebotomus papatasi, which supported development of L. major but not L. infantum, the hybrids produced heavy late-stage infections with high numbers of metacyclic promastigotes. In the permissive vector Lutzomyia longipalpis, all Leishmania strains included in this study developed well. Hybrids ...

Somatic cell hybrids generated from transgenic mouse cells have been used to examine the developmental regulation of human gamma-to-beta-globin gene switching. In hybrids between mouse erythroleukemia (MEL) cells and transgenic erythroblasts taken at various stages of development, there was regulated expression of the human fetal gamma and adult beta genes, reproducing the in vivo pattern prior...

Recently, dendritic cells (DCs) and DC-tumor cell hybrids (DC-tumor hybrids) have been used for cancer vaccine therapy in a clinical trial. DC-tumor hybrids combine the potent antigen-presenting capacity of DCs with the ability to present all tumor antigens expressed on tumor cells to T cells. We used DC-tumor hybrids as stimulator cells to induce tumor-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) i...

Whole-cell fusion between zebrafish fibroblast-like ZF4 cells and mouse B78 melanoma cells resulted in hybrids containing one or a few zebrafish chromosome segments in a murine chromosomal background. Fluorescence in situ hybridization to hybrid cell metaphases with a zebrafish genomic DNA probe revealed that many hybrids contained zebrafish chromosome segments that were either inserted or tran...

Ulvophycean species with diverse trait characteristics provide an opportunity to create novel allelic recombinant variants. The present study reports the development of seaweed variants with improved agronomic traits through protoplast fusion between Monostroma oxyspermum (Kutz.) Doty and Ulva reticulata Forsskål. A total of 12 putative hybrids were screened based on the variations in morpholog...

Human somatic cell hybrids were generated from fusions between a tumorigenic B-cell line, and mononuclear cells from a patient with low-grade B-cell lymphoma in which the neoplastic cells largely corresponded to cells at an intermediate stage of differentiation. The resulting hybrids and the parent cells were immunophenotyped, karyotyped and genotyped in an effort to determine whether the stage...

Genomewide analyses of the transcriptome have confirmed that gene misexpression may underlie reproductive isolation mechanisms in interspecific hybrids. Here, using a 16,006 features cDNA microarray, we compared and contrasted gene expression divergence at two ontogenetic stages in incipient species of normal and dwarf whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis) with that of first generation (normal x d...

The successfully breeding of the hybrids 873?874 had settled the problem that the yield was not uniform to the silk quality in silkworm varieties. In this paper, we illuminated the key technology, principle, hints and methods for selection in breeding spring-and-autumn rearing silkworm varieties were analyzed using the procedure of breeding the hybrid of 873?874 as example.