Considering the Arctic Ocean (including sea ice) as a defined volume, we develop equations describing the time-varying fluxes of mass, heat and freshwater (FW) into, and storage of those quantities within, that volume. The seasonal cycles of fluxes and storage of mass, heat and FW are quantified and illustrated using output from a numerical model. The meanings of 'reference values' and FW fluxe...

An element w in the free group on r letters defines a map fw,G: G r → G for each group G. In this note, we show that whenever w 6= 1 and G is a semisimple algebraic group, fw,G is dominant. As an application, we show that for fixed w and Γi a sequence of pairwise non-isomorphic finite simple groups, lim i→∞ log |Γi| log |f w,Γi (Γ r i )| = 1. Let Fr be the free group on r generators x1, . . . ,...

The effects of [Na(+)] or [K(+)] on Na, K-ATPase activity of FW-acclimated and SW-acclimated tilapia, puffer and milkfish were examined in gill homogenates. [Na(+)] or [K(+)] stimulated Na, K-ATPase hydrolyzing ATP in all experimental groups. ATP hydrolysis stimulated by [Na(+)] or [K(+)] followed Michaelian-Menten kinetics. Km values for [K(+)] (i.e., Km(K)), were lower in SW- than FW-acclimat...

This study evaluated the co-digestion of domestic wastewater solids (WWS) and food waste (FW) at bench-scale for Yosemite National Park, California, which operates a 1900 m3/d treatment plant in El Portal, California. A 35-day biochemical methane potential test was performed on varying amounts FW as percentage total (WWS plus FW) volatile basis (%FW). Specific yield volumetric increased substan...

It has recently been recognized that the ability to use Fe(III) as a terminal electron acceptor is a highly conserved characteristic in hyperthermophilic microorganisms. This suggests that it may be possible to recover as-yet-uncultured hyperthermophiles in pure culture if Fe(III) is used as an electron acceptor. As part of a study of the microbial diversity of the Obsidian Pool area in Yellows...

Arabica coffee is the most popular variety of among people because it has a more complex flavor than other varieties. This study aims to determine sensory properties and non-volatile components in fermented with sugar addition. The assessment showed that best cupping score was samples addition 0.55% fructose total 85.25 compared honey (H) Fullwash (FW) samples. Fermentation could produce better...

  The salinity tolerance, hematological and hydromineral regulation capabilities of juvenile Russian sturgeon (Acipenser gueldenstaedtii) were investigated in different ages and sizes in freshwater (FW: 0.05) but differed in experimental media (p < 0.05). Signifi cant differences were observed between the levels of plasma ion concentrations in different media (p < 0.01). Plasma Na+, K+ and Ca+2...

We combined fatty acid (FA) and stable isotope (SI) analyses to investigate the trophic ecology of different stages European eels (Anguilla anguilla) across seawater (SW), brackish water (BW), freshwater (FW) habitats. Salinity was main driver differences in biochemical composition, greatest variation occurred between SW FW eels. had a higher content FA indicator carnivory, as well highest rati...