Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 84, 6558 (1987); C. A. Whitlock and 0. N. Witte, ibid. 79, 3608 (1982). 25. A series of 24 18-nucleotide primers with complete identity to the murine Btk cDNA sequence (GenBank L08967) were used to generate 380base pair overlapping products spanning the entire btk coding sequence. Full sequence information is available from the authors. 26. Filter lifts containing 5 x 105 plaq...

The transcription factor Pax6 is widely expressed throughout the developing nervous system, including most alar regions of the newly formed murine diencephalon. Later in embryogenesis its diencephalic expression becomes more restricted. It persists in the developing anterior thalamus (conventionally termed "ventral" thalamus) and pretectum but is downregulated in the body of the posterior (dors...

PURPOSE to investigate potential neuronal dysfunction within the thalamus in patients suffering from mesial temporal lobe epilepsy with hippocampal sclerosis (MTLE/HS). METHODS we examined twenty epileptic patients suffering from mesial temporal lobe epilepsy with hippocampal sclerosis (17 females, 3 males) and twenty sex- and age-matched healthy controls. H MR spectroscopic imaging (SI) was ...

Studies to date have identified only a few proteins that are expressed in a segment-specific manner within the mammalian brain. Here we report that a nonreceptor protein tyrosine phosphatase, PTPH1, is selectively expressed in the adult thalamus. Expression of PTPH1 mRNA is detected in most, but not all, thalamic nuclei. Nuclei that are derived embryonically from the dorsal thalamus and project...

Recent studies have indicated a role for the thalamus in attention, arousal and the capacity to perform tasks of speeded information processing. The present study evaluated the role of the thalamus in age-related cognitive decline by investigating the correlations between thalamic volume, cognition and age. This was done in 57 healthy subjects ranging from 21 to 82 years of age. All subjects un...

The localization of low-frequency sounds (less than 3 kHz) along the azimuth involves comparing the ongoing difference in the time of arrival of a sound at the two ears. Information about interaural time differences (ITDs) is derived from an initial comparison performed in the superior olivary complex. However, little is known about which aspects of this information are transformed as it ascend...

Receptive fields have been characterized independently in the lemniscal auditory thalamus and cortex, usually with spectrotemporally simple sounds tailored to a specific task. No studies have employed naturalistic stimuli to investigate the thalamocortical transformation in temporal, spectral, and aural domains simultaneously and under identical conditions. We recorded simultaneously in the ven...

The thalamus plays a key role in filtering or gating information and has extensive interconnectivity with other brain regions. Recent studies provide evidence of thalamus abnormality in schizophrenia, but the resting functional networks of the thalamus in schizophrenia is still unclear. We characterize the thalamic resting-state networks (RSNs) in 72 patients with schizophrenia and 73 healthy c...

13 January 2013 E TYMOLOGICALLY, “thalamus” derives from the Greek thalamos, meaning “inner chamber,” and tholos, meaning “vault.”1 Neurobiologically, the thalamus is a bilateral structure in the diencephalon comprising approximately 50 nuclei and subnuclei with rich interconnections to other structures in the brain. Thalamic nuclei can be classified as specific (mediating relay of peripheral i...

The thalamus plays a role in many different types of cognitive processes and is critical for communication between disparate cortical regions. Given its critical role in coordinating cognitive processes, it is important to understand how its function might be affected by aging. In the present study, we examined whether there are age differences in low-frequency fluctuations during rest in the t...