Tetanus can be only prevented by vaccination because immunity against this disease is rarely acquired, even by natural infections. To maintain long-term protective immunity against tetanus, booster immunization is essential for adolescents and adults. Most hospitalized cases and virtually all deaths occur in people over 60 years of age. The purpose of this study was to investigate the degree of...

OBJECTIVE To study the human teratogenic potential of tetanus vaccination during pregnancy. METHODS Pair analysis of cases with congenital abnormalities and matched healthy controls was performed in the large population-based dataset of the Hungarian Case-Control Surveillance of Congenital Abnormalities, 1980-1994. RESULTS Of 35 727 pregnant women who had babies without any defects in the s...

Transplacentally transferred antibodies induced by maternal pertussis vaccination interfere with infant immune responses to primary vaccination. We evaluated whether this interference remains in toddlers after booster In a prior phase IV, observer-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized study (NCT02377349), pregnant women Australia, Canada and Europe received intramuscular tetanus-reduced-antigen...

The study of pathogenic systems involved in multiple sclerosis (MS) is essential for the development new therapies. Objective : to determine contribution B-lymphocytes production IL-17 MS with an assessment ability B-cells induce differentiation Th17 and own by this pathology. Material methods . A total 81 subjects were examined, 68 whom patients diagnosed MS, 13 healthy individuals. concentrat...

One hundred cases of tetanus were treated in the intensive care unit of Leeds General Infirmary during during 1961--1977. In 90 patients disease was severe enough to require paralysis and artificial ventilation; a further three needed tracheostomy but not paralysis; and in seven the condition was mild, requiring sedation only. Ten patients died, but all deaths were attributable to complications...

OBJECTIVE  To identify and characterise non-specific immunological effects after routine childhood vaccines against BCG, measles, diphtheria, pertussis, and tetanus. DESIGN  Systematic review of randomised controlled trials, cohort studies, and case-control studies. DATA SOURCES  Embase, PubMed, Cochrane library, and Trip searched between 1947 and January 2014. Publications submitted by a p...

BACKGROUND The symmetrical immune network theory, developed in 1975, is based on the existence of specific T cell factors and hypothesizes that normal IgG immune responses comprise the production of 2 kinds of antibodies, namely antigen-specific antibodies and anti-idiotypic antibodies. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to confirm the existence of specific T cells factors and to show that i...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE An increased risk of febrile seizure (FS) was identified with concomitant administration of trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (IIV3) and pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) 13-valent during the 2010-2011 influenza season. Our objective was to determine whether concomitant administration of IIV3 with other vaccines affects the FS risk. METHODS We examined the ri...