In this study, asphaltene deposition from crude oil has experimentally and theoretically been studied using a test loop and an accurate temperature monitoring during a laminar flow. The effects of oil velocity and surface temperature on the thickness of asphaltene deposition were investigated. The results show that asphaltene deposition thickness increases by increasing surface temperature. As ...

Due to a number of desirable operational and design characteristics, CP-PLL’s (Charge Pump Phase locked loops) have, in recent years become a pervasive PLL architecture. CP-PLL architectures are exploited for a variety of applications such as on chip clock generation, CRC (clock recovery circuits) and Radio frequency synthesis applications. This paper describes a simple, digital only, minimally...

BACKGROUND The assumption of consistency, defined as agreement between direct and indirect sources of evidence, underlies the increasingly popular method of network meta-analysis. This assumption is often evaluated by statistically testing for a difference between direct and indirect estimates within each loop of evidence. However, the test is believed to be underpowered. We aim to evaluate its...

introduction:different types of prosthesis are available for stapes replacement. because there has been no published report on the efficacy of the titanium soft-clip vs the fluoroplastic causse loop teflon piston, we compared short-term hearing results of both types of prosthesis in patients who underwent stapedotomy due to otosclerosis.materials and methods:a total of 57 ears were included in ...

the aim of this paper is to minimize output phase noise for the pure signal synthesis in the frequency synthesizers. for this purpose, first, an exact mathematical model of phase locked loop (pll) based frequency synthesizer is described and analyzed. then, an exact closed-form formula in terms of synthesizer bandwidth and total output phase noise is extracted. based on this formula, the phase ...

since treatment of landfill leachate is quite complicated, there is a need to develop a system thatis capable of providing high treatment efficiencies. in this study, the treatment performance of a jet - loopmembrane bioreactor (jlmb) operated at different organic loading rates was investigated by observing thechanges in chemical oxygen demand (cod), total kjehldahl nitrogen (tkn) and total amm...

excessive cutting depth during leveling of agricultural land increases power needed by the tractor drawbar and will result in undesirable slippage and excessive strain on the tractor engine.  the result of sustained excess will be the break-down of the tractor. an auxiliary blade depth controller to prevent overloading during leveling was designed, fabricated and evaluated in this study. the sy...

Sixty-eight Salmonella strains representing 39 serotypes were variously screened for enterotoxigenicity by using the Chinese hamster ovary (CHO), Y1 adrenal, and Vero cell tests, rabbit skin tests for delayed permeabiltity factor (DPF) and rapid permeability factor (RPF), the rabbit ileal loop test, and the infant mouse test. An iron-sufficient medium, YT-1, and a deferrated medium, DF, were co...

Used as a wavefront corrector, a liquid crystal spatial modulator (LC-SLM) has good repeatability and linearity, which are essential for open-loop adaptive optics, and the open-loop optical system can increase the light energy efficiency by a factor of two for the LC-SLM and improve the system bandwidth. In order to test the performance of the LC-SLM in open-loop correction, an indoor closed-lo...