BACKGROUND Current literature emphasizes the role of the Circle of Willis (CoW) in salvaging ischemic brain tissue but not that of leptomeningeal anastomoses (LA). We developed a computational model of the cerebral circulation to (1) evaluate the roles of the CoW and LA in restoring flow to the superficial compartment of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) territory and (2) estimate the size of th...

There has been little information regarding the impact of unrecognised brain infarctions (UBIs) on stroke outcome in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF). By using volumetric analysis of ischaemic lesions, we evaluated the potential impact of UBIs on clinical outcome according to their presence and categorised type. This study enrolled 631 patients with NVAF having no clinical ...

Although an abundance of evidence shows that territorial disputes fundamentally shape relations among states, we know surprisingly little about when territorial claims are made. We use new data on the spatial distribution of historical borders and territorial claims across four centuries of European history to demonstrate that the majority of territorial claims are drawn following historical bo...

To assess the clinical, topographical, and aetiological features of multiple cerebellar infarcts,18 patients (16.5% of patients with cerebellar infarction) were collected from a prospective acute stroke registry, using a standard investigation protocol including MRI and magnetic resonance angiography. Infarcts in the posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA)+superior cerebellar artery (SCA) t...

Abstract Non-territorial autonomy (NTA) is a concept to ensure political and cultural participation of national minorities in society thus tool manage diversity without challenging territorial integrity. This article relates the experience Schleswig, which widely perceived as model successful border-delineation based on self-determination subsequent reconciliation accommodation national, lingui...

Irredentism conflicts are ravaging human lives across the globe. These co@icts arise not only from the aggressive abrogation of settled boundaries, but from real pressures to accommodate population growth, migration, changes in solidarity patterns, and increased political mobilization. Any intellectually interesting criterion for evaluating claims to territories must be formulated without ascri...

The image of a region or a city is an emerging topic in most debates about economic development strategies at the local and regional level. Image is mostly considered an element of area marketing –a very fashionable item in contemporary policy approachesand instrumental to define communication strategies. Like with products and services, however, image is never (only) the outcome of ad hoc acti...