Temperature responsive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) exhibits a lower critical solution temperature (LCST) of approximately 32 °C in aqueous solution, below which the polymer is water soluble and above which it becomes water insoluble. The LCST of PNIPAM copolymer increases responding to hydrophilic block acrylic acid (AA). The copolymer is pH and temperature responsive. The duel respons...
