BACKGROUND As one of the poorest provinces in China, Guangxi has a high HIV and TB prevalence, with the annual number of TB/HIV cases reported by health department among the highest in the country. However, studies on the burden of TB-HIV co-infection and risk factors for active TB among HIV-infected persons in Guangxi have rarely been reported. OBJECTIVE To investigate the risk factors for a...

Tuberculosis (TB) and the emerging multidrug-resistant TB epidemic represent major challenges to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) care and treatment programs in resource-limited settings. Tuberculosis is a major cause of mortality among patients with HIV and poses a risk throughout the course of HIV disease, even after successful initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART). Progress in the imp...

The convergence of tuberculosis (TB) and the HIV epidemic pose new public health challenges. The interaction between HIV and TB in co-infected persons is bidirectional and synergistic, HIV infection predisposes to the development of active TB, and on the course of HIV-related im-munodeficiency is worsened by active TB infection. TB is the most common opportunistic infection seen in HIV patients...

SETTING The National Tuberculosis Programme (NTP) in Cambodia, one of the countries most affected by tuberculosis (TB) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in Asia. OBJECTIVE To conduct national HIV prevalence surveillance among TB patients, to estimate HIV prevalence among TB patients and to determine the potential of the NTP as a source for antiretroviral treatment (ART) scale-u...

Evidence regarding the effect of tuberculosis (TB) disease on progression of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease is inconclusive. The authors estimated the effect of time-varying incident TB on time to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)-related mortality using a joint marginal structural Cox model. Between 1995 and 2002, 1,412 HIV type 1 (HIV-1)-infected women enrolled in the Wome...

Background: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) testing strategy for tuberculosis (TB) patients in some high HIV incidence countries has been recommended based on interaction between HIV and TB. Objectives: The present study aimed to determine the prevalence of HIV infection among newly detected pulmonary TB patients. Patients and Methods: In a cross sectional study, 104 cases including 95 non i...

Integration of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and tuberculosis (TB) services is critical to effectively addressing both epidemics in South Africa. Examples of the specific need to integrate TB and HIV services are presented from a community in Cape Town, South Africa, with high burdens of HIV infection and TB and from an antiretroviral therapy (ART) program in a peri-urban township. TB and ...

Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are evolutionarily conserved antimicrobial MR1-restricted CD8(+) T cells co-expressing the semi-invariant TCR Vα7.2, and are numerous in the blood and mucosal tissues of humans. MAIT cells appear to undergo exhaustion in chronic viral infections. However, their role in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) mono-infection and HIV/tuberculosis (TB...

BACKGROUND The emergence of resistance to anti-tuberculosis (DR-TB) drugs and the HIV epidemic represent a serious threat for reducing the global burden of TB. Although data on HIV-negative DR-TB treatment outcomes are well published, few data on DR-TB outcomes among HIV co-infected people is available despite the great public health importance. METHODS We retrospectively reported and compare...

OBJECTIVE To report the incidence rates of TB and HIV in household contacts of index patients diagnosed with TB. DESIGN A prospective cohort study in the Matlosana sub-district of North West Province, South Africa. METHODS Contacts of index TB patients received TB and HIV testing after counseling at their first household visit and were then followed up a year later, in 2010. TB or HIV diagn...