In this paper, we address the often contentious debate over state and local recycling policy by carefully estimating the social net benefit of curbside recycling. Benefits are estimated using household survey data from over 4,000 households across 40 western U.S. cities. We calibrate household willingness-to-pay for hypothetical bias using an innovative experimental design that contrasts stated...

Dendritic spines are micron-sized membrane protrusions receiving most excitatory synaptic inputs in the mammalian brain. Spines form and grow during long-term potentiation (LTP) of synaptic strength. However, the source of membrane for spine formation and enlargement is unknown. Here we report that membrane trafficking from recycling endosomes is required for the growth and maintenance of spine...

This study undertook a critical examination of Ontario’s extended producer responsibility scheme for the residential “Blue Box” recycling program, specifically examining the relationship between packaging fee rates and material-specific recycling rates. Using data collected for each of the 23 materials found in the residential recycling program over the past decade, a regression model was devel...

This paper analyzes the applicability of the task programming model in the parallelization of the wavefront pattern. Computations on this type of problem are characterized by a data dependency pattern across a data space, which can produce a variable number of independent tasks through the traversal of such a space. We explore several implementations of this pattern, based on the current state-...

Although well defined in bacterial systems, the molecular mechanisms underlying ribosome recycling in eukaryotic cells have only begun to be explored. Recent studies have proposed a direct role for eukaryotic termination factors eRF1 and eRF3 (and the related factors Dom34 and Hbs1) in downstream recycling processes; however, our understanding of the connection between termination and recycling...

In the present age of Sustainable development recycling of plastics is very much crucial and one good reason to recycle plastic is that there is just so much of it.. Plastic recycling happens to be one of the most advantageous ways for re-using plastic products. Another important cause remains hidden in the fact that plastics can take thousand of years to biodegrade. Therefore, analysis of barr...

Ras makes a pit stop R as proteins are restless, continually fl itting from the cell membrane to the Golgi apparatus and back again. Misaki et al. reveal that the proteins enter recycling endosomes during the journey to the plasma membrane. One mystery is why Ras proteins—which spur cell growth, differentiation, and survival—move so often. The cluttered cell interior has also made it diffi cult...

The increasing awareness of environment protection had made the European Union request the enterprises, through legislation (such as WEEE, RoHS and EuP), to take the responsibility to minimize the environmental impact. Directive of WEEE stresses that producers are responsible for the collection and recycling of all electrical and electronic waste. This paper focuses on how manufacturers can mee...

In normal human skin fibroblasts, fluorescent glycosphingolipid analogs are endocytosed and sorted into two pools, one of which recycles to the plasma membrane, while the other is transported to the Golgi. Here, we investigated glycosphingolipid recycling in Niemann Pick A and C lipid storage disease fibroblasts (NPFs). Cells were incubated with BODIPY-lactosylceramide (LacCer) at 16°C to label...

Endocytic recycling returns receptors to the plasma membrane following internalization and is essential to maintain receptor levels on the cell surface, re-sensitize cells to extracellular ligands and for continued nutrient uptake. Yet, the protein machineries and mechanisms that drive endocytic recycling remain ill-defined. Here, we establish that NECAP2 regulates the endocytic recycling of EG...