This paper describes a method for calibrating a pan-tilt camera head. The key feature of the method is that the camera, the pan-tilt unit, and the relationship between the camera and the pan-tilt unit, are calibrated independently. This paper develops a geometric model of the pan-tilt camera head and presents procedures to estimate the values of the unknown model parameters. Target image reposi...

The basic premise of a probability sample is that the sample will represent the universe or target population. To achieve that goal, pertinent information about each sample unit should be obtained. When some groups are not included, representation of the universe within the sample is brought into question. So, one goal of survey research is to maximise the probability of obtaining information a...

Neurules are a kind of hybrid rules that combine a symbolic (production rules) and a connectionist (adaline unit) representation. One way that neurules (target knowledge) can be produced is by converting symbolic rules (source knowledge). However, source knowledge may change, so that updating corresponding target knowledge is necessary. Changes concern insertion of new and removal of old symbol...

Introduction: Average glandular dose calculation in mammography with Mo-Rh target-filter and dose calculation for different situations is accurate and fast. Material and Methods: In this research, first of all, x-ray spectra of a Mo target bombarded by a 28 keV electron beam with and without a Rh filter were calculated using the MCNP code. Then, we used the Sobol-Wu parameters to write a FORTRA...

We explored the dependency of the saccadic remote distractor effect (RDE) on the spatial frequency content of target and distractor Gabor patches. A robust RDE was obtained with low-medium spatial frequency distractors, regardless of the spatial frequency of the target. High spatial frequency distractors interfered to a similar extent when the target was of the same spatial frequency. We develo...

Nuclear reactions take place within a probability that is proportional to cross section. The common unit of cross section is the barn b. Cross section can mathematically be defined as the number of light particles produced per unit time, per unit incident flux of photon (monoenergetic) beam or the incident particles, per target nucleus [1]. Sample activation is one of the nuclear techniques use...

Introduction Polymer gel dosimeters offer a practical solution to 3D dose verification for conventional radiotherapy as well as intensity-modulated and stereotactic radiotherapy. In this study, EGSnrc calculated and PAGAT polymer gel dosimeter measured dose profiles from single shot irradiation with 18 mm collimator of Gamma Knife in homogeneous and inhomogeneous phantoms were compared with eac...

In this paper, we present a high accuracy laser range finder and velocimeter using ultra-fast time-to-digital converter (TDC). The system operation is based on the measuring the round-trip time of a narrow laser pulse. A low-dark current high-speed PIN photodiode is used to detect the triggered laser beam and to produce start signal. The pulsed laser diode generates 45W optical power at 30ns du...

Nonlinear dynamic analyses are performed to compute the maximum relative input energy per unit mass for 21 multi-degree-of-freedom systems (MDOF) with preselected target fundamental periods of vibration ranging from 0.2 to 4.0 s and 6 target inter-story ductility demands of 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8 subjected to 40 the earthquake ground motions. The efficiency of the several intensity measures as an ind...