THE IMMORTAL William Harvey, discoverer of the circulation of the blood, left no progeny, but he had six brothers, and through them (and especially his brother Eliab), the Harvey line was continued for many generations, until with the death in 1830 of Eliab's great-great-great grandson, Admiral Sir Eliab Harvey, the Harvey male line became extinct. Until the present time, there have been only a...

Cochran introduced Alexander polynomials over non–commutative Laurent polynomial rings. Their degrees were studied by Cochran, Harvey and Turaev as they give lower bounds on the Thurston norm. We first extend Cochran’s definition to twisted Alexander polynomials. We then show how Reidemeister torsion relates to these invariants and we give lower bounds on the Thurston norm in terms of the Reide...

In this thesis, we effectively construct a predecessor function for the type definitions in the raw hierarchy for any weakly-scattered theory. Using this predecessor function, we improve a recent bounding result by Sacks for weakly-scattered theories by removing the assumption of a predecessor function from the k-splitting hypothesis. We begin by giving an introduction to the infinitary logic C...

Since 1875, when Panceri first described luminescence in a hemichordate, Glossobalanus minutus, four other species of enteropneusts have been observed to emit light Delage & Herouard (1898) reported that luminescence of Balanoglossus clavigerus from the coast of Brittany was bright enough to be seen even in the presence of candlelight Kuwano (1902) described luminescence in Balanoglossus misaki...