BACKGROUND AND AIMS Depression and anxiety are often comorbid with alcoholism and contribute to craving and relapse. We aimed to estimate the prevalence of life-time diagnoses of major depressive disorder (MDD), substance-induced depression (SID), anxiety disorder (AnxD) and substance-induced anxiety (SIA), the effects of these comorbidities on the propensity to drink in negative emotional stat...

To what extent is there a general factor of risk preference, R, akin to g, the general factor of intelligence? Can risk preference be regarded as a stable psychological trait? These conceptual issues persist because few attempts have been made to integrate multiple risk-taking measures, particularly measures from different and largely unrelated measurement traditions (self-reported propensity m...

Estimates of influenza vaccine effectiveness have mostly been derived from nonrandomized studies and therefore are potentially confounded. The aim of the current study was to estimate influenza vaccine effectiveness in preventing mortality among the elderly, taking both measured and unmeasured confounding into account. Information on patients aged >or=65 yrs from the computerised Utrecht Genera...

During daily encounters, it is inevitable that people take risks. Investigating the sequential processing of risk hazards involve expectation formation about outcome contingencies. The present study aimed to explore risk behavior and its neural correlates in sequences of decision making, particularly in old age, which represents a critical period regarding risk-taking propensity. The Balloon An...

In many IT studies, the system’s perceived usefulness and ease of use have emerged as important factors influencing the usage of information technologies. A similar amount of work has been directed to investigating their determinants, such as organizational factors, environmental factors, demographic factors, etc., but very often overlooked are the unique traits of users or user groups. The cur...

The operation of all-terrain vehicles (ATVs) by youth has contributed to the incidence of serious and fatal injuries among children. This study explored factors related to the frequency with which youth wore a helmet and refrained from engaging in three risky driving behaviors (driving at risky speeds, on paved roads and on unfamiliar terrain) while operating an ATV. Youth (n = 248) aged 9-14 f...

UNLABELLED Altruistic behavior varies considerably across people and decision contexts. The relevant computational and motivational mechanisms that underlie its heterogeneity, however, are poorly understood. Using a charitable giving task together with multivariate decoding techniques, we identified three distinct psychological mechanisms underlying altruistic decision-making (empathy, perspect...

We tested the hypothesis that heat stress created by light exertion in encapsulating personal protective equipment (PPE) in a hot, humid environment increases risk propensity. Ten healthy subjects (29 ± 7 y) completed 2 trials presented in a counter-balanced manner. Subjects donned encapsulating PPE, and in one trial they wore a tube-lined shirt underneath that was perfused with 5°C water. Subj...

Previous research has indicated a relationship between risk propensity and the Dark Tetrad personality traits (i.e., narcissism, Machiavellianism, psychopathy, sadism). No yet been conducted to analyze adaptive or maladaptive identity development. Of interest is whether are related development how these factors might affect participation in risk-taking behaviors (e.g., drug use). College studen...

This study aimed to know the impact of management accounting systems on firm financial efficiency while considering CEOs risk-taking propensity. The Data was collected with help a self-administered questionnaire-based survey from manufacturing sector India. Used purposive sampling technique collect data 338 respondents. Results have shown that broad scope system and integrator’s is insignifican...