In the absence of an effective prophylactic vaccine and successful viral eradication strategies, the burden of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection and disease continues to grow worldwide. The events characterizing primary HIV-1 infection and the early stages of the infection have been the focus of extensive research addressing the modalities of HIV-1 transmission. A thorough u...

In applications of the theory of homological algebra, results such as the Five Lemma are crucial. For abelian groups this result is proved by diagram chasing, a procedure not immediately available in a general abelian category. However, we can still prove the desired results by embedding our abelian category in the category of abelian groups. All of this material is taken from Mitchell’s book o...

the objective followed in the present study was to survey the relationship between 18 body trait measurements (live weight, height at wither, paunch girth, neck diameter, body length, girth around the body, width of fat tail at above, below and midpoint of fat tail, fat tail length lowers right and left sides, fat tail gap length, fat tail depth at the above, below, and midpoint, and girth arou...

Provisioning scalable and resilient Video-on-Demand (VoD) service is both challenging and interesting. Recently, peer-to-peer (P2P) networks are introduced to address the scalability of VoD service over Internet. Most of existing work follows the line of cache-and-relay (CR) scheme to accommodate the asynchronous characteristic of requests from a community of end users. Aiming to take full adva...

Male off-course bettors were assessed using: the Sensation-Seeking Scale (SSS) Form V, two measures of subjective arousal while betting, and questions concerning chasing, preferences for gambling activities and other aspects of betting behaviour. The SSS was also administered to a random sample of the male general population of Glasgow, together with questions concerning preferences for gamblin...

A novel variant of the parallel QR algorithm for solving dense nonsymmetric eigenvalue problems on hybrid distributed high performance computing (HPC) systems is presented. For this purpose, we introduce the concept of multi-window bulge chain chasing and parallelize aggressive early deflation. The multi-window approach ensures that most computations when chasing chains of bulges are performed ...

Graph searching is one of the most popular tool for analyzing the chase for a powerful and hostile software agent (called the ”intruder”), by a set of software agents (called the ”searchers”) in a network. The existing solutions for the graph searching problem suffer however from a serious drawback: they are mostly centralized and assume a global synchronization mechanism for the searchers. In ...

Cells release extracellular vesicles (ECVs) that play important roles in intercellular communication and may mediate a broad range of physiological and pathological processes. Many fundamental aspects of ECV biogenesis and signaling have yet to be determined, with ECV detection being a challenge and obstacle due to the small size (100 nm) of the ECVs. We developed an in vivo system to visualize...

Much of complex systems research today deals with, understandably, the study of complexity. This is not surprising in itself, since the real world is arguably a complex affair and academics are easily distracted by shiny things, but as theorists from Sartre to Kolmogorov to Jesus have convincingly argued, those who try to understand the essence of complexity using kilogram minds (with apologies...

Chasing is one of the main decorative techniques found in metal work. The imprints left by different chasing tools are unique not only to tool, but also chaser. analysis and characterisation toolmarks provide vast information that valuable for understanding an object. Microtopography a non-contact imaging technique allows metrical surface on microscopic scale. In this paper, mock-ups made using...