Deformation monitoring using GPS is usually carried out by installing and operating a local network of GPS receivers mounted on the deforming body, e.g. the flanks of a volcano. For continuous monitoring applications a near-realtime, epoch-by-epoch solution obtained from multibaseline processing is desired in order to take into account between-baseline correlations and to detect movements over ...

In the past decade or so there has been increasing interest in the use of permanent, continuously-operating GPS networks, with a small number of continuous networks having been deployed in the USA, Japan, Canada and Europe for large scale crustal motion studies. However, only in Japan has a country-wide continuous GPS network to support seismic research been established by the Geographical Surv...

Augustine Volcano is an active stratovolcano located in southwestern Cook Inlet, about 280 kilometers southwest of Anchorage, Alaska. The volcano produced six significant explosive eruptions between 1812 and 1986. Augustine eruptions typically have an explosive onset followed by dome building. The most recent eruption began on January 11, 2006. We applied the small baseline subset (SBAS) interf...

A 7 year time series of satellite radar images over Unimak Island, Alaska—site of Westdahl Volcano, Fisher Caldera, and Shishaldin Volcano—was processed using a model-free Persistent Scatterer Interferometry technique assisted by numerical weather prediction model. The deformation-only signals were optimally extracted from atmosphere-contaminated phase records. The reconstructed deformation tim...

Globally 800 million people live within 100 km of a volcano and currently 1500 volcanoes are considered active, but half of these have no ground-based monitoring. Alternatively, satellite radar (InSAR) can be employed to observe volcanic ground deformation, which has shown a significant statistical link to eruptions (Biggs, et al., 2014). Modern satellites provide large coverage with high resol...

[1] The Tatun Volcano Group lies at the northern tip of Taiwan only 15 km north of the capital Taipei. A seismic array consisting of 5 stations equipped with both broadband and short-period sensors was installed in 2003 in order to monitor the seismic activity of the area. It recorded a variety of events including common volcano-tectonic earthquakes and volcanoseismic signals like tornillos, sh...

Following the emblematic fl ank collapse of Mount St Helens in 1981, numerous models of flank sliding have been proposed. These models have allowed to largely improve the understanding of mechanisms involved in such landslides, which represent a tremendous risk for populations living around volcanoes. In this article, a new mode of landslide formation, related to buried calderas, is described. ...

There have been substantial advances in the ability to monitor the activity of hazardous volcanoes in recent decades. However, obtaining early warning of eruptions remains challenging, because the patterns and consequences of volcanic unrests are both complex and nonlinear. Measuring volcanic gases has long been a key aspect of volcano monitoring since these mobile fluids should reach the surfa...

Disk-in-volcano arrays are reported to greatly enhance the sensing performance due to strong coupling in the nanogaps between the nanovolcanos and nanodisks. The designed structure, which is composed of a nanovolcano array film and a disk in each cavity, is fabricated by a simple and efficient colloidal lithography method. By tuning structural parameters, the disk-in-volcano arrays show greatly...

Interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) techniques are used to calculate the volume of extrusion at Okmok volcano, Alaska by constructing precise digital elevation models (DEMs) that represent volcano topography before and after the 1997 eruption. The posteruption DEM is generated using airborne topographic synthetic aperture radar (TOPSAR) data where a three-dimensional affine transfo...