Hypoxic exposure experienced during sensitive developmental periods can shape adult physiological capabilities and define regulatory limits. Tadpole shrimp were reared under normoxic (19-21 kPa O(2)), moderate (10-13 kPa O(2)) or severe (1-3 kPa O(2)) hypoxic conditions to investigate the influence of developmental oxygen partial pressure (P(O(2))) on adult metabolic, respiratory and cardiovasc...

Making use of the geometric formulation Standard Model Effective Field Theory we calculate one-loop tadpole diagrams to all orders in power counting. This work represents first calculation a amplitude beyond leading order Theory, and discusses potential extend this methodology perform similar calculations observables near future.

Tadpoles of Xenopus laevis reared in water containing 0-01% propylthiouracil continue to grow but fail to develop or metamorphose. The haemoglobin of such tadpoles has been extracted in buffer, converted to a cyanmet form, and run on polyacrylamide gels. The developmentally retarded tadpoles are found to possess adult-type haemoglobin rather than the tadpole type which normally characterizes th...

The life histories of many animals are characterized by niche shifts, the timing of which can strongly affect fitness. In the tree frog Agalychnis callidryas, which has arboreal eggs, there is a trade-off between predation risks before and after hatching. When eggs are attacked by snakes, tadpoles escape by hatching rapidly and falling into the water below. Eggs not attacked by snakes hatch lat...

Parents defend their young in many ways, including provisioning chemical defences. Recent work in a poison frog system offers the first example of an animal that provisions its young with alkaloids after hatching or birth rather than before. But it is not yet known whether maternally derived alkaloids are an effective defence against offspring predators. We identified the predators of Oophaga p...

Wildlife epidemiological outcomes can depend strongly on the composition of an ecological community, particularly when multiple host species are affected by the same pathogen. However, the relationship between host species richness and disease risk can vary with community context and with the degree of spillover transmission that occurs among co-occurring host species. We examined the degree to...