Rapid detection of chemical warfare agents (CWAs) in all of its forms including gas and liquid is of paramount importance to protect the warfighter or first responders in homeland defense. CWAs such as OPs and vesicants pose serious threats because these agents can be ingested with contaminated food or rapidly penetrate skin. We reported that polyurethane immobilized cholinesterases (acetyl and...

O rganophosphorus nerve agents and pesticides (Fig. 1) markedly increase the amount and duration of the action of acetylcholine at all of the synaptic sites where it acts, resulting in overstimulation of critical processes that can lead to incapacitation, muscle paralysis, and death. In a recent issue of PNAS, Albuquerque et al. (1) reported that a drug already in use for treating Alzheimer’s d...

The mechanism of intoxication with organophosphorus compounds, including highly toxic nerve agents, is based on the irreversible inhibition of acetylcholinesterase that is followed by an accumulation of acetylcholine at peripheral and central cholinergic synapses, which in turn leads to the clinical manifestation of various signs and symptoms summarized as acute cholinergic crisis. Nerve agent ...

S • A3 A 3D geometric Morphometric Analysis of the Morphological Evolution of the Cranial base and Floor in Homo Markus Bastir, Department of Paleobiology, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, CSIC, SPAIN Philipp Gunz, Department of Human Evolution, Max-Planck-Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, GERMANY Antonio Rosas, Department of Paleobiology, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, CSIC,...

The translational capacity of data generated in preclinical toxicological studies is contingent upon several factors, including the appropriateness of the animal model. The primary objectives of this article are: 1) to analyze the natural history of acute and delayed signs and symptoms that develop following an acute exposure of humans to organophosphorus (OP) compounds, with an emphasis on ner...

Symptoms of acute poisoning with nerve agents such as organophosphorus (OP) compounds include general convulsions that could lead to brain damage if uncontrolled. Seizures are believed to be due to hyperactivity of the cholinergic system as a result of inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE). Evidence suggests that the seizure process could also be the result of activation of the N-methyl-d­ ...

Ofer Bar-Yosef ’s research views major changes in human behavior as transitions that can be studied both as processes and as historical events. This paper argues that the combined emphasis on process and event in studying prehistoric transitions can be taken further, specifically, from the regional scale to the scale of our smallest unit of contextual association, the artifact assemblage. Numer...